The Gendered Economy of Family Liability: Intergenerational Relationships and Poor Law Relief in England's Black Country, 1871–1911

Levine‐Clark, Marjorie

doi:10.1086/497056

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This indicated, and helped to reinforce, the place of husbands and fathers as providers and the rest of the family as dependents on his labour, rather than welfare subjects in their own right. 44 Benefits were explicitly connected with the paid employment of an individual man (although a small number of employed women were also contributors), in marked contrast to the Poor Law and many forms of charity which rigorously examined the family as a whole. 45 In practice, friendly societies had complex and variable ways of assessing family need, but the channel for assistance remained the working man.…”

Section: Welfare and Masculinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatherhood and Family Shame: Masculinity, Welfare and the Workhouse in Late Nineteenth-Century England

Doolittle¹

2009

The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain Since 1800

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Section: Welfare and Masculinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatherhood and Family Shame: Masculinity, Welfare and the Workhouse in Late Nineteenth-Century England

Doolittle¹

2009

The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain Since 1800

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“…Given that it may be assumed that the number of repeat claims varied by family type and over time, these data are of very little use in analysing how the poor law supported families (other than to give some general indication of relative usage). In addition, the type of local administrative data relied on by Levine-Clark (2006) in England or Blaikie (2002) in Scotland is simply unavailable in an Irish context. The lack of data means that we are-at best-confined to looking at families as co-resident households and that we cannot explore Gozzini's (1993, 192) interesting point, based on his review of detailed source material, that families survived not only as a co-resident group under the same roof but as 'magnetic fields' governing at a distance.…”

Section: Poor Law and Families In Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor relief and families in nineteenth-century Ireland and Italy

Cousins

2008

The History of the Family

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This article examines the extent to which poor relief supported families and households in two contrasting European (and predominantly Roman Catholic) countries, Ireland and Italy, over the long nineteenth century. The main focus of the article is on the poor law in Ireland and the extent to which it provided support to families and households. While nuclear and extended families dominated household structures in late nineteenth-century Ireland (at least in rural areas), we show that by 1900, the majority of persons supported in workhouses were single. However, outdoor relief also formed an important part of the Irish poor law system and data on the household composition of persons supported is not available from official sources. Drawing on a data-matching exercise for one poor law union, this article suggests that the household structure of persons on outdoor relief may have been more complex than the official data would indicate and, in contrast to indoor relief, much more representative of overall household structures. In order to put these findings in context we compare the Irish approach with that adopted in Italy.

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“…In an article on the Special Operations Executive, Pattinson describes female agents’ strategies for concealing their identities when captured by the Nazis, and explores their gendered experiences of captivity. In a study of poor relief in the Black Country in the period 1871–1911, Levine‐Clark demonstrates that poor law officials shared widespread assumptions about gender roles in society, particularly the importance of the male breadwinner, and that local relief policies reflected these assumptions, which were misleading in the context of the economic dislocation of the area in these years.…”

Section: (V) 1850–1945 Mark Freeman and Julian Greaves University Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of periodical literature published in 2006

Pratt¹,

Schofield²,

French

et al. 2008

The Economic History Review

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Early Anglo-Saxon settlement sites have been revealed by several excavations. Dickens et al. report a substantial village and associated cemetery at Bloodmoor Hill, Suffolk. Finds included evidence for textile manufacture, but not specialist commodity production; occupation appears to have ceased in the late seventh or early eighth century. The settlement at Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire, published by Murray and McDonald, yielded an enclosed farmstead and cemetery, both in use until c.800. Evidence for textile production and the presence of Ipswich ware suggests the site's participation in an active trading network. Wright, on Orton Waterville, Peterborough, reports a long-lived settlement generating relatively modest material remains. The site at Shepperton, Middlesex, described by Poulton, appears to have been regularly laid out in the later Anglo-Saxon period, replacing a flourishing earlier settlement. Parallel ditches point to the 'toft and croft' arrangement of medieval villages.Debate continues over early population movement. Casting doubt on the historicity of Irish migration to western Britain in the fourth or fifth centuries, Dark postulates the pre-existing presence there of spoken Irish. This would contrast with the evidence for Anglo-Saxon migration, particularly to 'Anglian' areas, considered more secure. Bartholemew offers grounds for identifying 'Angulus', Continental homeland of the Angli described by Bede, as modern Frisia. Possible connections with Procopius's account, usually treated with scepticism, might suggest Frisia as the starting-point for a substantial part of the Anglo-Saxon migration into Britain. Addressing the subject of river-names, generally considered a good indicator of Anglo-Saxon displacement in lowland areas, Yeates offers evidence from the Cotswolds area showing the loss of Brittonic river-names occurring over a far longer period.Though not necessarily incompatible with the orthodox view, this may suggest a greater survival of Brittonic nomenclature originally in the west.In funerary archaeology, Hamerow explores the 'special' deposition of human and animal remains within areas of occupation. The relatively high percentage of dogs and horses, together with cattle, strengthens the impression of ritualistic activity, possibly directed towards fertility, while an association with sunken-featured buildings would make sense if such structures had been used for storage. Reconstructing the ritual of human cremation, Williams places the deceased body at the centre of an elaborate visual spectacle. Rather than a mourner-centred approach to interpretation, the body itself may have had some agency in a complex interrelationship between the living and the dead. Chester-Kadwell, evaluating metal-detector finds in Norfolk, suggests that if used carefully these can supplement the existing corpus of known early cemeteries. Lee's study of textile evidence in funerary contexts shows its value not only in relation to gender but also as an indicator of social status. The model of a 'final phase' o...

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The Gendered Economy of Family Liability: Intergenerational Relationships and Poor Law Relief in England's Black Country, 1871–1911

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Fatherhood and Family Shame: Masculinity, Welfare and the Workhouse in Late Nineteenth-Century England

Fatherhood and Family Shame: Masculinity, Welfare and the Workhouse in Late Nineteenth-Century England

Poor relief and families in nineteenth-century Ireland and Italy

Review of periodical literature published in 2006

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