The General-Adaptation-Syndrome in its Relationships to Neurology, Psychology, and Psychopathology.

Selye, Hans

doi:10.1037/11419-011

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…The cognitive appraisal model of stress suggests that stress connotes a relationship between a person and their environment that is identified ''by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being'' (see Lazarus and Folkman 1984, p. 19). From a physiological process perspective, the onset of stress triggers alarm, heightened awareness and the production of adrenaline and/or cortisol, followed by a period of resistance or coping, and then, if the cause of stress is unresolved, depletion or exhaustion (see General Adaptation Syndrome, Selye 1953Selye , 1975. In an organizational context, researchers have recognized stress as a significant occupational hazard that can impair physical health, psychological well-being, and work performance (Kahn and Byosiere 1992;Sauter and Murphy 1995).…”

Section: Stress and Moral Stress: Definitions And Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Stress: Considering the Nature and Effects of Managerial Moral Uncertainty

2011

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To better illuminate aspects of stress that are relevant to the moral domain, we present a definition and theoretical model of ''moral stress.'' Our definition posits that moral stress is a psychological state born of an individual's uncertainty about his or her ability to fulfill relevant moral obligations. This definition assumes a self-andothers relational basis for moral stress. Accordingly, our model draws from a theory of the self (identity theory) and a theory of others (stakeholder theory) to suggest that this uncertainty arises as a manager faces competing claims for limited resources from multiple stakeholders and/or across multiple role identities. We further propose that the extent to which the manager is attentive to the moral aspects of the claims (i.e., moral attentiveness) moderates these effects. We identify several consequences of managerial moral stress and discuss theoretical, empirical, and practical implications of our approach. Most importantly, we argue that this work paves an important path for considering stress through the lens of morality.

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Section: Stress and Moral Stress: Definitions And Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Stress: Considering the Nature and Effects of Managerial Moral Uncertainty

2011

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“…31,33,38,42 In normal circumstances, our body will respond to stress by activating the alarm stage of fight or flight. 5,6 During this period, an endocrine cascade of corticotropin hormone increases catecholamine production to activate a rapid behavioral and physiological response. 10,39 Highly emotional stress also activates a hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal response while activating the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework For Mbis and Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] In comparison, ongoing long-term stress 4 can build to a toxic level, exhaust homeostatic compensatory mechanisms, and create allostatic overload, all of which could potentially reduce overall quality of life (QOL). 5,6 Still, the level of influence that stress has on QOL can vary from person to person due to external (eg, social determinants of health) and internal factors (eg, mental and physiological status). Furthermore, the perception of stress, and the level of an individual's reported QOL during specific stressors, is contextually related to one's culture and intertwined with one's own personality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,5,10 For those individuals already suffering from chronic disease, related symptoms (eg, pain, fatigue, and mood alterations) can make the perception of stress even greater and, thus, intensify the resulting influence of stress on overall QOL. Chronic stress can exacerbate ongoing disease complications, contributing to the development of secondary illnesses, including posttraumatic stress disorder, cancer, heart disease, and chronic pain, 5,6,10,11 and increasing all-cause mortality. 12,13 Furthermore, these stress-related complications influence medical treatment adherence 14 and can even result in the need for additional caregiving assistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Conceptual Model of the Influence of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Conditions

Prather

Baughman

Alexandrov

et al. 2022

Holistic Nursing Practice

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Individuals with chronic conditions are susceptible to stress-related health complications. Left unattended, chronic stress exacerbates inflammation, diminishes quality of life (QOL), and increases all-cause mortality. Here, we suggest a theoretical framework promoting the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in patients with chronic conditions and a conceptual model of how MBIs may influence stress and QOL.

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“…The use of onomatopoeias (unusual use of words, and the invention of new words) and word salad (apparently disorganized speech) may then be thought of as adaptive mechanisms, h la Selye's (1953) concept that neurosis and psychosis are levels of adaptation to emotional stress. These verbal patterns may be thought of as symbolic expressions of emotionally freighted material.…”

Section: Philosophy Of Language and Knowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extension of freud and jung’s theory of the relation of dream states to schizophrenia

Dixon

2005

Curr Psychol

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The central model for both Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung for the generation of schizophrenia's hallucinations and delusional system is described as the intrusion of nighttime dream states into the waking consciousness. In this theoretical exegesis, a rent or tear is made in the ego instated by strongly repressed aggressive impulses which then create a dream-world for the patient as they subsequently overwhelm ego defenses. A parallel between this mode of knowing and, for example, the regioning of Martin Heidegger in his Discourse on Thinking is brought forward. Since these modes of thought are analogical and metaphorical, analysis based on this similarity may provide for greater insight into the thought and perceptual disorders of schizophrenia. An understanding of this kind of thought process may then provide a bridge towards more effective therapeutic interventions. A distinction is made between thought processes, per se, and those causal factors of a biological nature. Since mind has its basis in biological endowment, the contribution of endogenous humoral and biological constitutional factors to schizophrenia's etiology must be considered of profound importance. A complex interaction between heredity and environment provides the substrate of biologically influenced tendencies that work toward or against the onset and reoccurrence of schizophrenia. On this complex base, processes of thought and patterns of behavior are erected which are diagnosed as "normal," "schizoid," "schizophrenic," etc. This paper is concerned with the thought processes and verbal habit patterns which underlie schizophrenia. The genetic and other constitutional factors which may give rise to a tendency to develop schizophrenia and may be thought of as influencing the type of thinking carried out, whether it is realityoriented or has a dreamlike content, are issues which are beyond the scope of this discussion.The exact nature of the interface between the biological substrate of mind and the ontogeny of the symbolic or other process of thought should be related in some lawful manner to the psycholinguistic processes described here. A greater understanding of in vivo neurochemical metabolism as it is influenced by stress due to psychosocial pressures may provide some insight into these questions. The concern of this paper, however, is with resultant symptomologies herein described. In discussions concerning id, ego, and superego functioning, it is not important, as far as this paper is concerned, which psychological processes supervenes. Rather, the concern is with the precise

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The General-Adaptation-Syndrome in its Relationships to Neurology, Psychology, and Psychopathology.

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Moral Stress: Considering the Nature and Effects of Managerial Moral Uncertainty

Moral Stress: Considering the Nature and Effects of Managerial Moral Uncertainty

A Conceptual Model of the Influence of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Conditions

An extension of freud and jung’s theory of the relation of dream states to schizophrenia

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