The Generation and Characterization of Welding Fumes for Toxicological Investigations

Hewitt, Peter J.; Hicks, R.; Lam, H. F.

doi:10.1093/annhyg/21.2.159

Cited by 9 publications

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An investigation of fibrogenic and other toxic effects of arc‐welding fume particles deposited in the rat lung

Hicks

Al-Shamma

Lam

et al. 1983

J of Applied Toxicology

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Lung burdens of deposited particles from fumes generated by arc-welding were established in rats by single inhalation exposures, repeated intermittent exposure or by intratracheal injection. Fumes from manual metal arc-welding using flux-coated mild-steel rods (MMA-MS) were compared with those from metal inert-gas welding with stainless steel wire (MIG-SS). After initial rapid clearance of deposited material from the lungs, persistent residual deposits remained. Such residues resulting from single inhalation were small and confined mainly to peribronchial accumulations in macrophage clusters. Deposits remaining after repeated inhalation were larger and more widespread. Intratracheal administration (50 mg) established massive residual deposits, giving nodular accumulations in peribronchial, subpleural and perivascular sites, with substantial alveolar parenchymal involvement. Deposits from both types of fumes contained predominantly iron. Particles from stainless steel also contained chromium, but concentrations of this element were low in deposits from MMA-MS fumes. MMA-MS deposits contained silica, probably amorphous. Long-term studies (up to 450 days) attempted to detect evidence of fibrosis resulting from particle burdens. Low-grade collagen fibre layers developed at margins of MMA-MS nodules. Diffuse reticulin fibre networks occurred within MIG-SS aggregates. Tissue hydroxyproline levels were increased (doubled) in lungs with intratracheal burdens of MMA-MS particles, but no significant increases resulted from MIG-SS. The major lesions were nodular aggregates of particle-laden macrophages with giant-cell formation, and alveolar epithelial thickening with atelectasis.

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An investigation of fibrogenic and other toxic effects of arc‐welding fume particles deposited in the rat lung

Hicks

Al-Shamma

Lam

et al. 1983

J of Applied Toxicology

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The Design and Operation of Systems for Inhalation Exposure of Animals

Drew¹

1985

Toxicology of Inhaled Materials

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Pneumoconiotic effects of welding-fume particles from mild and stainless steel deposited in the lung of the rat

et al. 1984

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Rats were exposed to single periods of inhalation of fumes generated by arc welding. Two processes were compared: either manual metal arc (MMA) using flux-coated mild steel (MS) electrodes or metal inert-gas (MIG) welding with stainless steel (SS). Widespread but small deposits of fume particles were cleared effectively from alveoli and airways. Peribronchial and subpleural aggregates of particle-laden macrophages remained. More massive and persistent lung-burdens were established by intratracheal administration of suspensions of fume-particles (10 mg and 50 mg, single doses). Initial pneumonitis was attributed to irritant gases or soluble toxic components of particles. MIG-SS particle deposits were more persistent and lesions more severe, inhibition of phagocytosis or clearance and damage to epithelial cells being associated with possible toxic effects in macrophages. Both types of particle caused alveolar epithelial thickening, with proliferation of granular pneumocytes and exudation of lamellar material. Foam cells appeared in alveoli. Long-term effects (80-300 days) involved formation of nodular aggregates of particle-laden macrophages. Giant cells were formed. Nodules containing MIG-SS material were irregular and surrounded by collapsed and thickened epithelium. Soluble chromium or nickel constituents are cited as probable active agents producing effects resembling those of cytotoxic non-fibrogenic dusts, e.g., soluble silicas . MMA-MS particles produced low-grade fibrotic ( collagenised ) changes.

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The Generation and Characterization of Welding Fumes for Toxicological Investigations

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

An investigation of fibrogenic and other toxic effects of arc‐welding fume particles deposited in the rat lung

An investigation of fibrogenic and other toxic effects of arc‐welding fume particles deposited in the rat lung

The Design and Operation of Systems for Inhalation Exposure of Animals

Pneumoconiotic effects of welding-fume particles from mild and stainless steel deposited in the lung of the rat

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