The generation and spread of S‐potentials in fish (Cyprinidae)

Abstract

SUMMARY1. S-potentials from Luminosity-units in the excised eye of the tench (Tinca) were excited by white lights of various intensities and spatial distributions.2. When a small light spot of fixed size and intensity was presented at various distances from the recording electrode, the S-potential was found to suffer an exponential attenuation with distance ( Fig. 3

Virtual Retina: A biological retina model and simulator, with contrast gain control

“…Temporally, this is because horizontal cells receive their input from light receptors, so that their signal develops with one more synapse and one more cellular integration than receptors. Spatially, the very low-pass (averaging) properties of horizontal cells arise from strongly coupling gap junctions with their neighboring horizontal cells [24,23,18]. The center-surround filter, as defined by (2)-(4), is a difference of two low-pass filters, which makes it a band-pass filter.…”

“…• Averaging by gap junctions between neighboring cells can be expressed either in a discretecell approach [21,14] or in a continuous setting with Laplacian-like operators [24,19]. Both approaches lead approximately to the same impulse response…”

Teleost polarization vision: how it might work and what it might be good for

“…HCs integrate the visual scene spatially [64,65], spectrally [65 -67] and temporally [68]. They make a time-averaged estimate of the global intensity and colour.…”

Receptive field organization of ganglion cells in the frog retina: contributions from cones, green rods and red rods.

“…3 one can see that the sensitivity is reduced to 2 when the spot is moved 0 1O-0 15 mm away from the central part of the ERF. In the retinas of the tench and the mudpuppy the amplitude of the S-potential is reduced to I when the stimulus spot is moved 0-2 mm away from the recording electrode (Naka & Rushton, 1967;Werblin, 1970).…”