The Generation of an Organic Inverted Chemical Garden

Pampalakis, Georgios

doi:10.1002/chem.201504773

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The chemistry of the chemical garden phenomenon is extremely diverse, and hollow tubes have been studied not only for the reactants listed above but also in polyoxometalate systems ( 43 – 45 ), solid metals undergoing corrosion ( 46 , 47 ), organic reactions ( 48 ), and even under natural sea ice that forms downward-growing conduits of ice called brinicles ( 49 ). Also of great interest are the chimney-like precipitate structures near hydrothermal vents at the ocean floor (for example, black smokers and off-axis alkaline vents) where, near volcanically active regions ( 50 – 53 ), hot, mineral-rich water surges into cold sea water ( Fig.…”

Section: Hollow Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organization in precipitation reactions far from the equilibrium

2016

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Section: Hollow Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organization in precipitation reactions far from the equilibrium

2016

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“…The thin, hollow tubes typically consist of an outer layer of silica (in silicate systems) and an inner layer rich in metal hydroxides or oxides. Numerous chemical modifications have been reported including tube-forming reactions involving polyoxometalates (22) and organic reactants (23). The seed particle may be replaced by injected salt solutions (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavy membranes and the growth rate of a planar chemical garden: Enhanced diffusion and bioenergetics

Ding

Batista

Steinbock

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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To model ion transport across protocell membranes in Hadean hydrothermal vents, we consider both theoretically and experimentally the planar growth of a precipitate membrane formed at the interface between two parallel fluid streams in a 2D microfluidic reactor. The growth rate of the precipitate is found to be proportional to the square root of time, which is characteristic of diffusive transport. However, the dependence of the growth rate on the concentrations of hydroxide and metal ions is approximately linear and quadratic, respectively. We show that such a difference in ionic transport dynamics arises from the enhanced transport of metal ions across a thin gel layer present at the surface of the precipitate. The fluctuations in transverse velocity in this wavy porous gel layer allow an enhanced transport of the cation, so that the effective diffusivity is about one order of magnitude higher than that expected from molecular diffusion alone. Our theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with our laboratory measurements of the growth of a manganese hydroxide membrane in a microfluidic channel, and this enhanced transport is thought to have been needed to account for the bioenergetics of the first single-celled organisms.

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“…The team was also able to create a wholly inorganic chemical garden by combining a cationic POM crystal in an anionic POM solution . It is noteworthy that an inverted organic garden can be produced by immersing Fe III ions in a mixture of oleic acid and diisopropylamine, with downward growth as observed in Figure . Gardens growing downwards were likewise observed with Cu II and Mn II ions using the same solvent system.…”

Section: Back To the Future: Biogenicitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Chasing Synthetic Life: A Tale of Forms, Chemical Fossils, and Biomorphs

Cintas

2020

Angew Chem Int Ed

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This Essay focuses briefly on early studies elaborated by natural and chemical philosophers,a nd the oncecalled synthetic biologists,w ho postulated the transition from inanimate to animate matter and even foresaw the possibility of creating artificial life on the basis of physical and chemical principles only.S uch ideas and speculations,r anging from soundness to weirdness,p aved however the way to current developments in areas like abiotic pattern formation, cell compartmentalization, biomineralization, or the origin of life itself.I np articular,t he generation of biomorphs and their relationship to microfossils represents an active research domain and seems to be the logical way to bring the historical work up to the future,a ss ome scientists are trying to make artificial cells.The last sections of this essay will also highlight modern science aimed at understanding what life is and, whether or not, it can be redefined in chemical terms.

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The Generation of an Organic Inverted Chemical Garden

Abstract: A chemical garden based on iron salt that grows in organic solvents and ions is demonstrated for the first time. This prototype chemical garden develops in an inverted orientation, thus providing evidence that downward growth is feasible.

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Self-organization in precipitation reactions far from the equilibrium

Self-organization in precipitation reactions far from the equilibrium

Wavy membranes and the growth rate of a planar chemical garden: Enhanced diffusion and bioenergetics

Chasing Synthetic Life: A Tale of Forms, Chemical Fossils, and Biomorphs

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