The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

Turcato, Anna Maria; Godi, Marco; Giordano, Andrea; Schieppati, Marco; Nardone, Antonio

doi:10.1186/1743-0003-12-4

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, the stance phase of the inside leg and the swing phase of the outside were increased, both contributing to an increased duty factor for the inside and reduced duty factor of the outside leg. Our results agree with previous publications regarding the decrease in velocity for turning (Courtine and Schieppati, 2003b;Orendurff et al, 2006;Turcato et al, 2015) and the increase in stance time of the inside leg (Turcato et al, 2015). While the participants in this study maintained an almost constant walking frequency throughout all trials, the study by Turcato et al (2015) revealed a significant decrease in stride frequency for turning, which may be due to their more challenging experimental setup (radius of curvature 1.2 m, participants completing three 360 turns).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some studies have identified and focused on the two main strategies used to navigate sharp turns, namely 'step' and 'spin' turns, which are defined by the change in direction being away from and towards the side of the limb in stance, respectively (Akram et al, 2010;Huxham et al, 2006;Patla et al, 1999;Taylor et al, 2005). Other studies have investigated steady-state turning manoeuvres such as walking circular pathways (Godi et al, 2014;Segal et al, 2008;Turcato et al, 2015); curved trajectories (Courtine and Schieppati, 2003a;Orendurff et al, 2006); and U-Turns (Guldemond et al, 2007;Hase and Stein, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way to avoid this bias is to use insole pressure sensors as they do not influence the trajectory of the participant and allow data to be collected over a number of gait cycles. They allow the complete pressure map under the foot to be recorded but are unfortunately only capable of detecting normal forces (Turcato et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Locomotion pattern and foot pressure adjustments during gentle turns in healthy subjects

Peyer

Brassey

Rose

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People suffering from locomotor impairment find turning manoeuvres more challenging than straight-ahead walking. Turning manoeuvres are estimated to comprise a substantial proportion of steps taken daily, yet research has predominantly focused on straight-line walking, meaning that the basic kinetic, kinematic and foot pressure adaptations required for turning are not as well understood. We investigated how healthy subjects adapt their locomotion patterns to accommodate walking along a gently curved trajectory (radius 2.75m). Twenty healthy adult participants performed walking tasks at self-selected speeds along straight and curved pathways. For the first time for this mode of turning, plantar pressures were recorded using insole foot pressure sensors while participants' movements were simultaneously tracked using marker-based 3D motion capture. During the steady-state strides at the apex of the turn, the mean operating point of the inside ankle shifted by 1 degree towards dorsiflexion and that for the outside ankle shifted towards plantarflexion. The largest change in relative joint angle range was an increase in hip rotation in the inside leg (>60%). In addition, the inside foot was subject to a prolonged stance phase and a 10% increase in vertical force in the posteromedial section of the foot compared to straight-line walking. Most of the mechanical change required was therefore generated by the inside leg with hip rotation being a major driver of the gentle turn. This study provides new insight into healthy gait during gentle turns and may help us to understand the mechanics behind some forms of impairment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Locomotion pattern and foot pressure adjustments during gentle turns in healthy subjects

Peyer

Brassey

Rose

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was probably a cause of turning: the body moving towards the inside provided the acceleration required for turning. Another study on curved walking found that the trajectories affected the trunk inclination significantly and the trunk inclined to the inside of the circle during curved walking [28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the COM-FCP inclination angle and other mediolateral stability indicators for turning

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

BioMed Eng OnLine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundStudies have shown that turning is associated with more instability than straight walking and instability increases with turning angles. However, the precise relationship of changes in stability with the curvature and step length of turning is not clear. The traditional center of mass (COM)-center of pressure (COP) inclination angle requires the use of force plates. A COM-foot contact point (FCP) inclination angle derived from kinematic data is proposed in this study as a measure of the stability of turning.MethodsIn order to generate different degrees of stability, we designed an experiment of walking with different curvatures and step lengths. Simultaneously, a novel method was proposed to calculate the COM-FCP inclination angles of different walking trajectories with different step lengths for 10 healthy subjects. The COM-FCP inclination angle, the COM acceleration, the step width and the COM-ankle inclination angles were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe statistical results showed that the mediolateral (ML) COM-FCP inclination angles increased significantly as the curvature of the walking trajectories or the step length in circular walking increased. Changes in the ML COM acceleration, the step width and the ML COM-ankle inclination angle verified the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method. Additionally, the ML COM-FCP inclination angle was more sensitive to the ML stability than the ML COM-ankle inclination angle.ConclusionsThe work suggests that it is more difficult to keep balance when walking in a circular trajectory with a larger curvature or in a larger step length. Essentially, turning with a larger angle in one step leads to a lower ML stability. A novel COM-FCP inclination angle was validated to indicate ML stability. This method can be applied to complicated walking tasks, where the force plate is not applicable, and it accounts for the variability of the base of support (BOS) compared to the COM-ankle inclination angle.

show abstract

“…The simple fact of walking is requiring the equilibrium that the central nervous system organizes through the movement of propulsion connected to body rotations. Turning during walking is a complex activity of the head, the trunk, the pelvis and feet reorientated together with adjustments of the body and counteracting the centrifugal acceleration (Turcato et al, 2015). Apparently, the optimization of movements for the better effect in action is a selection of muscle activation based on principle minimization of muscle recruitment, precision and speed of neural calculation.…”

Section: Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hula Hoop in Fitness and the Centripetal Force

Garcı́a-Falgueras¹

2016

PSYCH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since centuries ago or even more, the hula hoop has been practiced by people to keep their good health while having fun. Curiously, this simple toy made by a plastic ring, also previously made by a circle of willow, rattan, grapevines or stiff grasses, is subjected to several high and complex physical laws that make, at the same time, possible its beautiful movements. Physical laws are opposing and/or accompanying the movement of the circle-hoop-ring, such as gravity, centripetal force, friction, speed or velocity, and acceleration, in a torque or tendency to rotate. Specific muscles of the body are activated during hula hoop dancing and a general cardio exercise is happening. On the other hand, a stimulation of creativity is also occurring to make a mathematically reasonable and beautiful flow of movements for the own enjoyment or to make a performance for other people's enjoyment. Then, the dancer with a hoop is moving the ring around several parts of his/her body (waist, core, shoulders, neck, arms), also rolling it over the body like a wheel, making waves in different axis, tossing it to the air or floor, etc. and dancer can jump him/herself through the hoop, or stealing its movements with his/her body. While motor learning happens, specific areas of the brain are activated differently during trials of learning. Then flow and fluid movements become automatic in an asymmetrical way considering our hand preference. However, for getting all this benefits, it is required a controlled practice in children and adults, that means a smooth and not violent, reasonable and measured practice in time and intensity and not negligent or irresponsible. Otherwise, some lesions have been described in literature.

show abstract

The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Locomotion pattern and foot pressure adjustments during gentle turns in healthy subjects

Locomotion pattern and foot pressure adjustments during gentle turns in healthy subjects

Comparison of the COM-FCP inclination angle and other mediolateral stability indicators for turning

Hula Hoop in Fitness and the Centripetal Force

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About