The Generic Model of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Waltman, Scott H.; Sokol, Leslie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00001-5

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…technique (e.g., Waltman & Sokol, 2017). We considered it desirable to add these processes to enable the production of a comprehensive explanatory model that could be applied in different clinical presentations in a modular fashion, as opposed to an overinclusive "one size fits all" approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interventions (or practice elements in this context) for these additional hypothesized maintaining processes are also cognitive–behavioral in nature and include exposure, behavioral experiments, and behavioral activation (e.g., Hofmann & Smits, 2008; Schreiber, Heimlich, Schweitzer, & Stangier, 2015; Soucy Chartier & Provencher, 2013). Although it was unexpected that these processes were not represented at all within the distillation, it should be noted that the strength of CBT is often thought to be its ability to apply general behavioral and cognitive theories, findings, and processes in a way that promotes long-term well-being without relying on any one specific intervention or technique (e.g., Waltman & Sokol, 2017). We considered it desirable to add these processes to enable the production of a comprehensive explanatory model that could be applied in different clinical presentations in a modular fashion, as opposed to an overinclusive “one size fits all” approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A common elements approach to the development of a modular cognitive behavioral theory for chronic loneliness.

Käll¹,

Shafran²,

Lindegaard³

et al. 2020

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Background: Loneliness is a transdiagnostic clinical phenomenon that can significantly impact mental health and wellbeing across the lifespan.Objective: The aim was to combine existing theory and evidence-based treatment approaches to propose a comprehensive transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural analysis of the maintenance of chronic loneliness relevant across disorders, age groups and populations. Method:A distillation and matching model-framework approach was taken to identify interventions designed to reduce loneliness. Eligible studies were coded for the presence of practice elements. The findings were combined with an analysis of the broader literature on loneliness and psychopathology to derive a comprehensive cognitive behavioural analysis of the maintenance of loneliness over time across populations. Results: The search yielded 11 studies containing 14 practice elements with relative frequencies ranging from 7% to 64 %. The identified practice elements target putative mechanisms such as negative interpersonal appraisals, anxiety and social skills deficits. Counter-productive behaviour and cognitive processes such as self-focused attention were identified as maintenance factors based on the broader literature. A modular transdiagnostic model with multiple pathways is proposed to be consistent with the existing theoretical and treatment literature. Conclusions: Combining the distillation and matching model-framework with existing theory from the literature is a novel approach for developing a model of factors that maintain loneliness over time. The model has varying treatment implications for different populations including children with autism spectrum disorders and bereaved older adults. Targeting COMMON ELEMENTS APPROACH TO LONELINESS 3 transdiagnostic processes has the potential to transform interventions for loneliness across a range of formats and settings. What is the public health significance of this article?The systematic review and distillation procedure show that loneliness has been addressed with a wide range of techniques and strategies in efficacious interventions, with the most frequent ones targeting the participant's social skills. Additionally, the derived model generates potential ways of developing interventions for populations where loneliness is of concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A common elements approach to the development of a modular cognitive behavioral theory for chronic loneliness.

Käll¹,

Shafran²,

Lindegaard³

et al. 2020

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…So-called “cognitive models of emotion”, which constitute scientific alternatives to the “common sense model” of folk psychology, assume that events cause emotional and other reactions not directly but by mediating thoughts, beliefs, evaluations, imaginations, and memories [ 12 , 15 ]. In other words, emotional reactions differ according to stimulus interpretation (the way individuals make stimuli meaningful to them).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy to Improve Psychological Adaptation among Future Coaches in the Post-Pandemic Era

Saulius

Malinauskas

2023

Healthcare

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This study aims to demonstrate that applying rational emotional behavior theory (REBT) concepts can help to improve the psychological adaptation of future coaches in the post-pandemic era. The current research utilizes a qualitative approach with a sample of 14 future coaches, namely, students of the study program “Training systems” at Lithuanian Sports University. These students are also active athletes (basketball players). Interview questions were developed based on the ABC(DE) model, and answers were analyzed following the methodology of content analysis. In general, our findings fit the ABC(DE) framework. However, there are several important exceptions. During discussions, participants presented their basic beliefs in the form of statements rather than demands. The ABC(DE) framework predicts the latter. Furthermore, participants’ automatic thoughts are not logical derivatives of their basic beliefs, contrary to the REBT theory. However, it is possible to interpret basic beliefs as an explanation for automatic thoughts, meaning that this interpretation seemingly does not contradict the theoretical principles of REBT. As such, REBT appears to be helpful for better understanding the psychological adaptation problems that arose during the pandemic and are relevant in the post-pandemic era.

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“…Drawing on the construct of responsiveness (i.e., tailoring the treatment to patient needs at a given moment), several models were developed to inform treatment adaptation based on empirically determined pa-tient markers (Constantino, Boswell, Bernecker, & Castonguay, 2013). Although this ideographic approach may appear conceptually opposed to the call for generic and overall transdiagnostic treatments (Waltman & Sokol, 2017), in the past years, the two trends have been converging, with the recognition that generic treatments would benefit from adaptations based on patient characteristics and needs (Thompson-Hollands, Sauer-Zavala, & Barlow, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, psychiatric study designs have been based on patient diagnosis (Waltman & Sokol, 2017). In the past decades, however, there has been a growing interest in transdiagnostic models for understanding psychopathology and in unified therapy manuals for the treatment of different disorders with common features (Barlow et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interpersonal profiles in emotional disorders predict the importance of alliance negotiation for early treatment outcome.

Penedo

Zilcha‐Mano

Roussos

2019

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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The aim of this study was to identify differential baseline profiles of interpersonal problems in patients with emotional disorders and investigate their ability to predict the extent to which alliance is important for early treatment outcome in therapy. Method: Ninety-six patients diagnosed with emotional disorders were admitted to psychotherapy at an independent practice center. After the first session, participants completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems and, after each of the first four sessions, the Alliance Negotiation Scale and the Outcome Questionnaire. We characterized the interpersonal problems of the sample using the circular statistics and the structural summary methods. Based on evidence of heterogeneity between patients, we conducted cluster analysis to identify differential profiles of interpersonal problems. We tested whether the identified profiles can predict the strength of the association between alliance negotiation and early treatment outcome using hierarchical linear models. Results: A two-cluster solution showed the best fit for the data. One cluster was characterized by Cold interpersonal problems (too hostile) and the other by Overly Nurturant interpersonal problems (too dependent). The identified profiles were significant predictors of the early alliance negotiation-outcome association. Overly Nurturant patients showed greater early improvements in outcome in the face of a stronger alliance negotiation. Conclusions: Results support the importance of personalized approaches using patients' interpersonal profiles to determine the importance of alliance negotiation for early treatment outcome. Findings should be replicated in randomized controlled trials using strategies to manipulate alliance negotiation. What is the public health significance of this article?Individual differences in interpersonal problems of patients with emotional disorders reveal two distinct interpersonal clusters: Cold and Overly Nurturant. Early in treatment, patients belonging to the Overly Nurturant profile benefit more from a strong alliance negotiation than do patients belonging to the Cold profile. These findings may have important implications for personalized psychotherapy for optimizing treatment outcome.

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The Generic Model of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

A common elements approach to the development of a modular cognitive behavioral theory for chronic loneliness.

A common elements approach to the development of a modular cognitive behavioral theory for chronic loneliness.

Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy to Improve Psychological Adaptation among Future Coaches in the Post-Pandemic Era

Interpersonal profiles in emotional disorders predict the importance of alliance negotiation for early treatment outcome.

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