The generic position of two species of tribe Physaleae (Solanaceae) inferred from three DNA sequences: A case study on Physaliastrum and Archiphysalis

2020

TAXON

Physalis is an economically important and morphologically diverse genus of plants with solitary flowers and fruits that are enveloped by an inflated fruiting calyx. Although work to resolve phylogenetic relationships in this clade is ongoing, Physalis remains a taxonomically complex genus with multiple nomenclatural problems. Here, we review 28 species from the United States and their synonyms as well as clarification on the status of their types. We propose 53 typifications. We select a lectotype for 49 names and a neotype for three names (P. ixocarpa, P. linkiana, P. ramosissima). We additionally designate an epitype for P. longifolia.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Excluded Namesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Excluded Namesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Typifications and nomenclatural notes in Physalis (Solanaceae) from the United States

Pretz

2020

TAXON

“…Moreover, 13 of 19 Solanaceae genera with fruiting calyx inflation are placed in Physalideae, The wide variation in fruiting calyx form, from non-accrescent to greatly inflated (Fig. 1), has often been used for intergeneric delimitation (Hunziker, 2001; Sawyer, 2001; Li et al, 2013; Zamberlan et al, 2015), although phylogenetic studies suggest that these characters are homoplastic (Hu and Saedler, 2007). With a new phylogeny including 73 % of Physalideae species, we traced the evolution of the fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation to address the following questions: (i) is fruiting calyx inflation a convergent trait in Physalideae?…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Larter

Barboza

et al. 2018

Preprint

PREMISE OF THE STUDYThe evolution of novel fruit morphologies has been integral to the success of angiosperms. The inflated fruiting calyx, in which the balloon-like calyx swells to completely surround the fruit, has evolved repeatedly across angiosperms and is postulated to aid in protection and dispersal. Here we investigate the evolution of this trait in the tomatillos and their allies (Physalideae, Solanaceae), using a newly estimated phylogeny and a suite of comparative methods to infer evolutionary gains and losses.METHODSThe Physalideae phylogeny was estimated using DNA sequences from four regions (ITS, LEAFY, trnL-F, waxy) using maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference. Maximum likelihood model selection was used to determine the best fitting model of trait evolution. Using this model, we estimated ancestral states along with the numbers of gains and losses of fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation with Bayesian stochastic mapping. Also, phylogenetic signal in calyx morphology was examined with two metrics (parsimony score and Fritz and Purvis’ D).KEY RESULTSThe well resolved phylogeny points to multiple taxa in need of revision, including the eight genera that are non-monophyletic as presently circumscribed. Model fitting indicated that calyx evolution has proceeded in stepwise fashion, from non-accrescent, to accrescent, to inflated. Moreover, these transitions appear to be largely irreversible. Among the 215 sampled Physalideae, we inferred 24 gains of fruiting calyx accrescence, 24 subsequent transitions to a fully inflated calyx and only two reversals. A median of 50 shifts were estimated in total across the clade from the ancestral non-accrescent calyx. Nonetheless, fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation show strong phylogenetic signal.CONCLUSIONSOur phylogeny greatly improves the resolution of Physalideae and highlights the need for taxonomic work. The analyses of trait evolution reveal that the inflated fruiting calyx has evolved many times and that the trajectory towards this phenotype is generally stepwise and directional. These results provide a strong foundation for studying the genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the repeated origins of this charismatic fruit trait.

“…). This variation in fruiting calyx morphology has often been used for generic delimitation (Hunziker, ; Sawyer, ; Li et al., ; Zamberlan et al., ), although phylogenetic studies suggest that these characters are homoplastic (Whitson and Manos, ; Hu and Saedler, ), resulting in several non‐monophyletic genera (e.g., Physalis and Chamaesaracha ; Zamora‐Tavares et al., ). Here, we score fruiting calyx morphology across Physalideae and use statistical comparative methods to address the following questions: (1) Is fruiting calyx inflation a convergent trait in Physalideae?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Larter

Barboza

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The evolution of novel fruit morphologies has been integral to the success of angiosperms. The inflated fruiting calyx, in which the balloon-like calyx swells to completely surround the fruit, has evolved repeatedly across angiosperms and is postulated to aid in protection and dispersal. We investigated the evolution of this trait in the tomatillos and their allies (Physalideae, Solanaceae). METHODS:The Physalideae phylogeny was estimated using four regions (ITS, LEAFY, trnL-F, waxy) with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference. Under the best-fitting ML model of trait evolution, we estimated ancestral states along with the numbers of gains and losses of fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation with Bayesian stochastic mapping. Also, phylogenetic signal in calyx morphology was examined with two metrics (parsimony score and Fritz and Purvis's D).KEY RESULTS: Based on our well-resolved and densely sampled phylogeny, we infer that calyx evolution has proceeded in a stepwise and directional fashion, from non-accrescent to accrescent to inflated. In total, we inferred 24 gains of accrescence, 24 subsequent transitions to a fully inflated calyx, and only two reversals. Despite this lability, fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation showed strong phylogenetic signal. CONCLUSIONS:Our phylogeny greatly improves the resolution of Physalideae and highlights the need for taxonomic work. The comparative analyses reveal that the inflated fruiting calyx has evolved many times and that the trajectory toward this phenotype is generally stepwise and irreversible. These results provide a strong foundation for studying the genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the repeated origins of this charismatic fruit trait.