The genes and transcripts of an antigen gene expression site from T. brucei

Pays, Étienne; Tebabi, Patricia; Pays, Annette; Coquelet, H; Revelard, Philippe; Salmon, Didier; Steinert, Maurice

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90798-8

Cited by 248 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is in sharp contrast to the VSG gene expression sites, whose a-amanitin-resistant transcription units range in size from 45 to 60 kb (17,20,32,43,44). The a-amanitin sensitively transcribed a-,-tubulin and phosphoglycerate kinase transcription units are also large, measuring tens of kilobase pairs in size (13; M. G. S. Lee et al, unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes located in an unusually small alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient DNA transfection of Trypanosoma brucei.

Rudenko¹,

Blancq²,

Smith³

et al. 1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

115

108

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes located in an unusually small alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient DNA transfection of Trypanosoma brucei.

Rudenko¹,

Blancq²,

Smith³

et al. 1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

115

108

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“…The genes clustered within a transcription unit may have related functions, such as the alternating o:-and ,B-tubulin genes (32), or may be coordinately expressed at specific life-cycle stages, such as VSG genes and their expression site-associated genes (ESAGs). The size of a single transcription unit may be extremely large, as is the case for a VSG expresson site encompassing 7 ESAGs, where the VSG gene lies 45kb downstream from the putative promoter (33). The gene upstream of the procyclin genes in Pro A is a member of the MARP gene family, encoding a protein with tandem repeats of 38 amino acids which are 50% homologous to the MARP repeat characterised by Schneider et al (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplication and transcription of procyclin genes inTrypanosoma brucei

König¹,

Delius²,

Corrington³

et al. 1989

Nucl Acids Res

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The genes encoding procyclin, the major glycoprotein expressed on the surface of procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei, comprise a multigene family. It has previously been demonstrated that procyclin genes in cloned trypanosome strains from Kenya and Uganda show restriction fragment polymorphisms. A detailed study of the Kenyan strain 227 has revealed that procyclin genes are arranged in tandem at 3 distinct loci (Pro A, B and C) and that the polymorphism is due to the duplication of 1.3 kb in the Pro A locus, which has generated an additional procycin gene. Northem blot analysis has shown that at least 2 loci are transcribed and that a minimum of 3 procyclin genes are expressed within a cloned line. The transcription of procyclin genes is resistant to lmg ml-I tx-amanitin, whereas that of the 5' flanking gene in the Pro A locus is sensitive. This observation suggests that the two genes form part of separate transcription units with a promoter between them.

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“…These are co-transcribed with the VSG gene by RNA polymerase I (Gunzl et al, 2003), the promoter being positioned 45-60 kb upstream (Kooter et al, 1987;Pays et al, 1989). The function of ESAGs is largely unknown, although the products of ESAG6 and ESAG7 form a heterodimeric transferrin receptor (Bitter et al, 1998;Salmon et al, 1994;Schell et al, 1991), and ESAG4 encodes an adenylate cyclase activity (Pays et al, 1989). Also, bioinformatic analysis of ESAG5 protein suggests that it bears similarity to a human lipid binding/lipid transfer family of proteins (Barker et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upstream of the VSG gene itself are a number of expression-site-associated genes (ESAGs) (Cully et al, 1985;Pays et al, 2001). These are co-transcribed with the VSG gene by RNA polymerase I (Gunzl et al, 2003), the promoter being positioned 45-60 kb upstream (Kooter et al, 1987;Pays et al, 1989). The function of ESAGs is largely unknown, although the products of ESAG6 and ESAG7 form a heterodimeric transferrin receptor (Bitter et al, 1998;Salmon et al, 1994;Schell et al, 1991), and ESAG4 encodes an adenylate cyclase activity (Pays et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental regulation and extracellular release of a VSG expression-site-associated gene product from Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms

Barnwell

Deursen

Jeacock

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryTrypanosomes evade host immunity by exchanging variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coats. VSG genes are transcribed from telomeric expression sites, which contain a diverse family of expression-site-associated genes (ESAGs). We have discovered that the mRNAs for one ESAG family, ESAG9, are strongly developmentally regulated, being enriched in stumpy forms, a life-cycle stage in the mammalian bloodstream that is important for the maintenance of chronic parasite infections and for tsetse transmission. ESAG9 gene sequences are highly diverse in the genome and encode proteins with weak similarity to the massively diverse MASP proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi. We demonstrate that ESAG9 proteins are modified by N-glycosylation and can be shed to the external milieu, this being dependent upon coexpression with at least one other family member. The expression profile and extracellular release of ESAG9 proteins represents a novel and unexpected aspect of the transmission biology of trypanosomes in their mammalian host. We suggest that these molecules might interact with the external environment, with possible implications for infection chronicity or parasite transmission.

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The genes and transcripts of an antigen gene expression site from T. brucei

Cited by 248 publications

References 32 publications

Procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes located in an unusually small alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient DNA transfection of Trypanosoma brucei.

Procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes located in an unusually small alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient DNA transfection of Trypanosoma brucei.

Duplication and transcription of procyclin genes inTrypanosoma brucei

Developmental regulation and extracellular release of a VSG expression-site-associated gene product from Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms

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