The genesis of solution pipes: Evidence from the Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation calcarenite, southeastern Australia

Lipar, Matej; Webb, John A.; White, Susan; Grimes, K. G.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.013

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The aeolianites at Cape Bridgewater lie within the Gambier Karst Province of south-eastern South Australia and south-western Victoria (White 2005). They have undergone simultaneous lithification and the development of solutional karst features (White 1994(White , 2005Lipar et al 2015), i.e. syngenetic karst (Jennings 1968).…”

Section: • Unconsolidated Siliceous Malanganee and Calcareousmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each member consists of aeolianite and an overlying distinctive red or purple palaeosol. Solution pipes, tubular vertical karst voids formed by focused vertical solution, have developed to varying extents within each of these members (Lipar et al 2015). The carbonate component of all aeolianites comprises detrital biogenic carbonate grains (including some reworked Tertiary carbonate clasts) and carbonate cement ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Bridgewater Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bridgewater Formation is a predominantly Pleistocene aeolian calcarenite (aeolianite), outcropping along the south-eastern Australian coast, that was deposited in distinct phases correlated with climate and sea level fluctuations (Brown & Stephenson 1991;Oyston 1996;White 2000;Cupper et al 2003). It is particularly well exposed in south-western Victoria on the western part of Cape Bridgewater (Cape Duquesne), Cape Nelson and Bats Ridge (Figure 1), where the aeolianites contain abundant solution pipes (Lipar et al 2015). This paper uses these outcrops to determine the chronostratigraphy and palaeoclimate history of the Bridgewater Formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation on Cape Bridgewater, south-western Victoria: chronostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance

Lipar¹,

Webb²

2015

Proc. R. Soc. Vic.

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The Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation is well exposed at Cape Bridgewater and surrounding areas in south-western Victoria, where field studies, mineralogical and isotopic analyses and OSL dating have shown that it can be divided into three members, here named (in stratigraphic order) the Descartes Bay, Bats Ridge and Duquesne members. Each member consists of aeolian calcarenite deposited as a coastal dune, that was karstified (with solution pipe development) and then overlain by a red or purple palaeosol. The aeolianites were deposited in three distinct phases corresponding to interglacials MIS 11, MIS 9 and MIS 7, respectively, when the shoreline was near present sea level. Karstification occurred as a result of the high effective precipitation characteristic of the transition between interglacial and glacial periods, followed by aeolian dust accession and palaeosol formation during the drier, windier glacial climates. Comparison with the coeval Tamala Limestone in south-western Western Australia shows simultaneous changes in palaeoclimate: high effective precipitation during the transition from MIS 11 to MIS 10, and a relatively dry transition from MIS 9 to MIS 8. Abundant rainfall during MIS 5 caused extensive limestone dissolution (solution pipes in Victoria, pinnacles in Western Australia) and the resulting quartz sand residue was redeposited during MIS 2-4.

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Section: • Unconsolidated Siliceous Malanganee and Calcareousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bridgewater Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation on Cape Bridgewater, south-western Victoria: chronostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance

Lipar¹,

Webb²

2015

Proc. R. Soc. Vic.

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“…In fact, stemflow is usually significantly more acidic than incident precipitation [59] and thus it is often considered as one of the factors speeding up solution pipe formation [40,41]. The pipe in Figure 1B cuts through several dolomite layers, with characteristic widenings, very similar to those observed in the numerical simulations.…”

Section: Comparison With Natural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Due to the self-similar character of the flow-focusing process [24,39], one expects to find the dissolution channels at all scales, up to the system size. And this is indeed the case, with the karst solution pipes appearing in many places throughout the world [1,7,8,40,41], most of them on 1-10 m scale, although much longer structures, up to kilometer length, have also been reported [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Layering on the Formation and Growth of Solution Pipes

Petrus

Szymczak

2016

Front. Phys.

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In karst systems, hydraulic conduits called solution pipes (or wormholes) are formed as a result of the dissolution of limestone rocks by the water surcharged with CO 2 . The solution pipes are the end result of a positive feedback between spatial variations in porosity in the rock matrix and the local dissolution rate. Here, we investigate numerically the effect of rock stratification on the solution pipe growth, using a simple model system with a number of horizontal layers, which are less porous than the rest of the matrix. Stratification is shown to affect the resulting piping patterns in a variety of ways. First of all, it enhances the competition between the pipes, impeding the growth of the shorter ones and enhancing the flow in the longer ones, which therefore grow longer. This is reflected in the change of the pipe length distribution, which becomes steeper as the porosity contrast between the layers is increased. Additionally, stratification affects the shapes of individual solution pipes, with characteristic widening of the profiles in between the layers and narrowing within the layers. These results are in qualitative agreement with the piping morphologies observed in nature.

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Karren and Sinkholes

2022

Karst Hydrogeology, Geomorphology and Caves

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The genesis of solution pipes: Evidence from the Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation calcarenite, southeastern Australia

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

The Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation on Cape Bridgewater, south-western Victoria: chronostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance

The Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation on Cape Bridgewater, south-western Victoria: chronostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance

Influence of Layering on the Formation and Growth of Solution Pipes

Karren and Sinkholes

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