The genesis of Zr–Nb–REE mineralisation at Khalzan Buregte (Western Mongolia) reconsidered

Kempe, Ulf; Möckel, Robert; Graupner, Torsten; Kynický, Jindřích; Dombon, E.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.05.003

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Rare earth elements have been demonstrated to be mobile within hydrothermal systems (e.g. Kempe et al (2015); Pal et al, 2011). However, Oreskes and Einaudi (1990) noted that the level of REE enrichment within the Olympic Dam deposit indicates that REEs were more mobile than generally accepted.…”

Section: Element Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial dispersion of hydrothermal monazite in the Prominent Hill deposit: An exploration tool

Forbes

Giles

Freeman

et al. 2015

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Section: Element Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial dispersion of hydrothermal monazite in the Prominent Hill deposit: An exploration tool

Forbes

Giles

Freeman

et al. 2015

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…The part of the intrusion hosting the deposit is dominated by alkali granites, which are distinct to the surrounding syenitic rocks, classified as nordmarkites by the first investigators [13,14] and in the recent work of [15]. The latter authors assign the mineralized alkali granites to a fifth and seventh intrusive stage, whereas [5] classify the mineralized rocks as ore metasomatites, attesting to the strong imprint of post-magmatic hydrothermal processes. Syenites contacting the central granites were affected by hydrothermal activity as well.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It was discovered in 1984 by geologists of the former Soviet Union [13]. The complex covers an area of 30 × 8 km and is mainly built up by alkaline syenite to granitic rocks considered to be associated with early Devonian extensional tectonic activity [5]. The Khalzan Buregtei Zr-REE-Nb deposit itself is located in the centre of a roughly oval shaped intrusive body in the south of the massif (Figure 1).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding, a substantial part of these commodities (i.e., REE, Y, Nb) has a critical character indicative of supply risk for political or environmental reasons [4]. As a response to this situation, alkaline granite and syenite complexes have also come into the focus of exploration campaigns and mining feasibility studies in the last decade (e.g., Khalzan Buregtei, Strange Lake, Motzfeld, Norra Kärr [1,[5][6][7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study the alkaline granite hosted Zr-REE-Nb deposit of Khalzan Buregtei (Mongolia), which was a target of exploration work by different companies in recent years, is used for a case study to demonstrate characteristic problems associated with these types of deposits. Based on results of published studies of the magmatic and post-magmatic (i.e., hydrothermal) evolution of the complex [5,[12][13][14][15], detailed sampling work was carried out in the central part of the complex, which is most affected by Zr-REE-Nb mineralization. In contrast to a number of detailed petrological studies addressing genesis and potential processes of either magmatic or metasomatic enrichment of rare metals in the alkaline granite of Khalzan Buregtei [5,[13][14][15], this study particularly focusses on the identification of ore properties, which are crucial for the economic exploitation of the mineralized rocks of this deposit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Zr-REE-Nb Ores from Khalzan Buregtei (Mongolia)—Approaches to More Efficient Extraction of Rare Metals from Alkaline Granitoids

et al. 2019

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Alkaline rocks are worldwide observed as hosts for rare metal (Zr-REE-Nb) minerals. The classification of the ore bearing rock type is challenging due to the fact that textures and mineral assemblage are obscured by post-magmatic alteration. In addition, the alteration causes fine and intricate intergrowth of the ore minerals with associated gangue. Hence, intensive comminution is necessary to liberate the ore minerals, which is one parameter hampering the economical use of this deposit type. This study provides a quantitative mineralogical investigation of the ore bearing rock suite at Khalzan Buregtei as an example of rare metal deposits. R1-R2 multication parameters are shown to be highly appropriate as quantitative mineralogical indicators based on readily available major element datasets to visualize and quantify alteration types of the ore bearing rock suite. The ore minerals were found to be associated with a cluster-forming assemblage of post-magmatic phases. Automated mineralogy was applied to quantify the textural properties of the ore mineral clusters. This finding permits efficient pre-concentration of rare metal ore at coarser particle size fraction, requiring less energy consuming comminution.

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The petrogenesis and mineralization of Zhaojinggou Nb–Ta deposit, Inner Mongolia: Evidence from geochronology, rock, and mineral geochemistry

Ke-yong

Sun

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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The Zhaojinggou Nb–Ta deposit is one of large rare metal deposits newly discovered in the northern margin of the North China Craton in recent years. This paper reports petrography, petrochemistry, columbite‐group minerals U–Pb chronology study of the amazonite granitic pegmatite (AGP) exposed in this deposit, and composition of columbite‐group minerals and biotite are obtained by electron probe microanalyzer and LA‐ICP‐MS. Eighteen analyses of columbite‐group minerals yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 116.9 ± 1.4 Ma. The crystallization temperature of biotite is 630–650°C, and the oxygen fugacity is 10−17–10−18 bars. The biotite has low MgO contents and high Rb, Rb/Sr, and FeOT/(FeOT + MgO) ratios. The AGP has extremely low MgO, Cr, Co and Ni contents, with Nb/Ta ratios range from 1.63 to 9.05 and Rb/Sr ratios range from 303.30 to 648.90, and obvious ‘M’ type tetrad effect of rare earth element indicating that the formation of the AGP is related to crust‐derived magma. The contents of Nb2O5 and FeO decrease, while the Ta2O5 and WO3 contents, Mn# and Ta# values increase gradually from the core to the rim of columbite‐group minerals. Some columbite‐group minerals have unobvious oscillatory zoning, and some have a clear bright zoing with high Ta contents on the rim, indicating that the genesis of Zhaojinggou Nb–Ta deposit is mainly magmatic crystallization differentiation, accompanied by hydrothermal autometasomatism in the late stage.

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The genesis of Zr–Nb–REE mineralisation at Khalzan Buregte (Western Mongolia) reconsidered

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Glacial dispersion of hydrothermal monazite in the Prominent Hill deposit: An exploration tool

Glacial dispersion of hydrothermal monazite in the Prominent Hill deposit: An exploration tool

Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Zr-REE-Nb Ores from Khalzan Buregtei (Mongolia)—Approaches to More Efficient Extraction of Rare Metals from Alkaline Granitoids

The petrogenesis and mineralization of Zhaojinggou Nb–Ta deposit, Inner Mongolia: Evidence from geochronology, rock, and mineral geochemistry

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