The genetic background to PTSD

Broekman, Birit F. P.; Olff, Miranda; Boer, Frits

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.10.001

Cited by 150 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Thus, like many other fears, fear of dental treatment might actually be the expression of a series of other underlying fears which possess features that distinguish them from each other. Third, the heritable part of specific phobia should be considered polygenetic (see also Stewart &Pauls, 2010 andBroekman, Olff &Boer, 2007 for similar arguments in relation to other types of anxiety disorders). Related to this is the fact that specific phobia subtypes are highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders (Curtis et al, 1998;Depla et al, 2008;Kendler, Neale, Kessler, Heath, & Eaves 1993a;Kessler, Chui, Demler, Merikangas, & Walters, 2005b;Magee et al, 1996;Tambs et al, 2009;Trumpf , Margraf, Vriends, Meyer, & Becker, 2010), suggesting a shared genetic vulnerability (Middeldorp, Cath, van Dyck, & Boomsma, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobia subtypes and corresponding fears

Houtem

Laine

Boomsma³

et al. 2013

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 11 May 2018A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobia subtypes and corresponding fears Highlights• Data on the genetic liability of fears and specific phobias are scarce.• Heritability estimates of fears and specific phobias fall within a range of 0%-71%.• The category of blood-injury-injection fears and phobias have the highest heritability estimates.• Phenotypic variance can mostly be explained by additive genetic and unique environmental effects. AbstractEvidence from twin studies suggests that genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing a fear or a phobia. The aim of the present study was to review the current literature regarding twin studies describing the genetic basis of specific phobias and their corresponding fears. The analysis included five twin studies on fears and ten twin studies on specific phobias. Heritability estimates of fear subtypes and specific phobia subtypes both varied widely, even within the subtypes. A meta-analysis performed on the twin study results indicated that fears and specific phobias are moderately heritable. The highest heritability (± SEM) among fear subtypes was found for animal fear (0.45±0.004), and among specific phobias for the blood-injury-injection phobia (0.33±0.06). For most phenotypes, variance could be explained solely by additive genetic and unique environmental effects. Given the dearth of independent data on the heritability of specific phobias and fears, additional research is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobia subtypes and corresponding fears

Houtem

Laine

Boomsma³

et al. 2013

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is thought to result from dynamic G × E interactions (Broekman et al, 2007), with positive and negative social environments powerfully affecting its development and course (Charuvastra and Cloitre, 2008). Several researchers have argued that oxytocin may have therapeutic value for treating PTSD (Olff et al, 2010;Pitman et al, 1993), and there is evidence that administration of oxytocin reduces acute PTSD symptoms, at least to some extent (Yatzkar and Klein, 2010), supporting the idea that the OXT is related to post-traumatic stress symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stress, oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism, and mental health following collective stress

Lucas‐Thompson

Holman

2013

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Estudos avaliando a presença de variantes genéticas do BDNF entre pacientes com TEPT em comparação a controles não demonstraram evidências de alterações consistentes acerca do papel dessas variantes com o TEPT 69 .…”

Section: Fator Neurotrófico Cerebralunclassified

Evolucionismo e genética do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático

Valente

Fiks

Vallada

2008

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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Endereço para correspondênciaRev Psiquiatr RS. 2008;30(1 Supl). RESUMOOs autores discutem, a partir do conceito evolutivo, como a resposta de estresse, nas suas possibilidades de fuga e luta e de imobilidade tônica, pode levar a uma nova compreensão etiológica do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Através da análise dos agrupamentos de sintomas desse diagnóstico -revivência, evitação e hiperexcitação -, procuram correlacionar os achados neurobiológicos e evolutivos. As descobertas atuais sobre a genética do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático são resumidas e colocadas nessa perspectiva evolutiva, dentro de conceitos que possibilitam o entendimento da interação gene/ambiente, como a epigenética. Propõem que a pesquisa dos fatores de risco do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático deva ser investigada do ponto de vista fatorial, onde a somatória destes aumenta o risco de desenvolvimento do quadro, não sendo possível a procura da causa do transtorno de forma única. A pesquisa de genes candidatos no transtorno de estresse pós-traumático deve levar em consideração todos os sistemas associados aos processos de respostas ao estresse, sistemas dos eixos hipotálamo-hipofisário-adrenal e simpático, mecanismos de aprendizado, formação de

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The genetic background to PTSD

Cited by 150 publications

References 140 publications

A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobia subtypes and corresponding fears

A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobia subtypes and corresponding fears

Environmental stress, oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism, and mental health following collective stress

Evolucionismo e genética do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático

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