The genetic basis of entrepreneurship: Effects of gender and personality

Zhang, Zhen; Zyphur, Michael J.; Narayanan, Jayanth; Arvey, Richard D.; Chaturvedi, Sankalp; Avolio, Bruce J.; Lichtenstein, Paul; Larsson, Gerry

doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.07.002

Cited by 241 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…But it could also be that inherited characteristics explain the observed intergenerational effects. Indeed, several comparative twin studies suggest a potential genetic influence on the propensity to become self-employed (Nicolaou et al 2008a, b;Nicolaou and Shane 2009;Zhang et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association studies in economics and entrepreneurship research: promises and limitations

et al. 2010

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The recently developed genome-wide association study (GWAS) design enables the identification of genes specifically associated with economic outcomes such as occupational and other choices. This is a promising new approach for economics research which we aim to apply to the choice for entrepreneurship. However, due to multiple testing issues, very large sample sizes are needed to differentiate between true and false positives. For a GWAS on entrepreneurship, we expect that a sample size of at least 30,000 observations is required.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association studies in economics and entrepreneurship research: promises and limitations

et al. 2010

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“…In a study of Swedish adoptees, Lindquist et al (2015) find that the intergenerational association in entrepreneurship is driven by nurture (roughly two thirds), rather than nature (roughly one third). By contrast, in their Swedish twins study, Zhang et al (2009) find a strong genetic effect and no effect of shared environment for women, but a large shared environment influence for men, with a zero genetic effect.…”

Section: Genesmentioning

confidence: 75%

On the Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Sibling Correlations

et al. 2017

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Promoting entrepreneurship has become an increasingly important part of the policy agenda in many countries. The success of such policies, however, rests in part on the assumption that entrepreneurship outcomes are not fully determined at a young age by factors that are unrelated to current policy. We test this assumption and assess the importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of entrepreneurship, by estimating sibling correlations in entrepreneurship. We find that between 20 and 50 percent of the variance in different entrepreneurial outcomes is explained by factors that siblings share (i.e., family background and neighborhood effects). The average is 28 percent. Hence, entrepreneurship is far less than fully determined at a young age. Our estimates increase only a little when allowing for differential treatment within families by gender and birth order. We then investigate a comprehensive set of mechanisms that explain sibling similarities. Parental entrepreneurship plays a large role in explaining sibling similarities, as do shared genes. We show that neighborhood effects matter, but are rather small, particularly when compared with the overall importance of family factors. Sibling peer effects, and parental income and education matter even less. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SJEL Classification: D13, J62, L26

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“…Qunlian (2011) analyzes the main difficulties of university students' entrepreneurship in China and presents corresponding policy recommendations. Zhang et al (2009) study the genetic basis of entrepreneurship and explore gender differences in the genetic influences on the tendency of people to become entrepreneurs. They find sharp difference in genetic influences on entrepreneurship across gender groups and highlight the different challenges that men and women face in their entrepreneurial endeavors.…”

Section: The Related Literature: Barriers To Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Interactions among the Barriers to Entrepreneurship Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

Raeesi¹,

Dastrang²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2013

IJBM

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Entrepreneurship brings about economic innovation and job formation, and its improvement can well account for the unemployment crisis. However, many barriers either stop entrepreneurs from entering the market, or lead their business to failure after entering. These barriers have been sparsely and case dependently reported in the literature, but, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been yet designated to investigate the general barriers to entrepreneurship. This paper tries to bridge this gap by reviewing the most relevant and available literature to elicit the major general barriers to entrepreneurship. Eleven general barriers to entrepreneurship are identified and supported by the related literature. Since these barriers are not independent and unconnected, but interrelated and interactive, understanding the interactions among them can help decision makers in determining appropriate overcoming measures. In order to model these interactions this paper utilizes interpretive structural modeling (ISM) which has shown to be an efficient approach for analyzing systematic interactions among barriers. We distinct barriers into two groups of inside and outside barriers and with the support of the ISM-based model, we show that inside barriers are dependent on outside barriers. Corrupted and unsupportive business environment then, shows to be the major driving barrier to entrepreneurship.

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The genetic basis of entrepreneurship: Effects of gender and personality

Cited by 241 publications

References 91 publications

Genome-wide association studies in economics and entrepreneurship research: promises and limitations

Genome-wide association studies in economics and entrepreneurship research: promises and limitations

On the Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Sibling Correlations

Understanding the Interactions among the Barriers to Entrepreneurship Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

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