The genetic diversity of local african chickens: A potential for selection of chickens resistant to viral infections

Mpenda, Fulgence Ntangere; Schilling, Megan A.; Campbell, Zoë; Mngumi, Elifuraha B.; Buza, Joram

doi:10.3382/japr/pfy063

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Indigenous poultry breeds often represent a valuable genetic resource incomparable to commercial strains ( Padhi, 2016 ). Over the centuries, many populations have been selected for their phenotypes as much as for their adaptation to the environment and resistance to the prevailing diseases ( Mpenda et al., 2018 ); this is shown by a wide range of chicken breeds and ecotypes found across the world ( Di Lorenzo et al., 2015 ). The term “ecotype” refers to a population within a breed that is genetically adapted to a specific habitat ( FAO, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial diversity of Yoruba and Fulani chickens: A biodiversity reservoir in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Poultry are the most widely distributed type of livestock in Nigeria. Indigenous chickens are extremely common throughout the country. Indeed, approximately 83 million chickens are raised in extensive systems and 60 million in semi-intensive systems. To provide the first comprehensive overview of the maternal lineages in Southwest Nigeria, we analyzed 96 mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from 2 indigenous chicken ecotypes: Fulani and Yoruba. All samples belonged to the most frequent haplogroup (E) in Africa and Europe and showed noticeably low haplotype diversity. Although only 11 different haplotypes were detected, with 2 of them never found before in Nigeria, the presence of unique sequences among our indigenous samples testified to their status as an important genetic resource to be preserved. Furthermore, a total of 7,868 published sequences were included in the comparative analysis, which revealed an east-west geographic pattern of haplogroup distribution and led to the conclusion that the gene flow from Southeastern Asia mainly involved one mitochondrial clade. Moreover, owing to the extensive genetic intermixing among Nigerian chickens, conservation efforts are required to safeguard the extant mitochondrial variability in these indigenous ecotypes and establish future improvement and selection programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial diversity of Yoruba and Fulani chickens: A biodiversity reservoir in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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“…Local chickens are well adapted to harsh tropical environmental conditions and survive persistent exposure to endemic infectious diseases (Msoffe et al, 2001;Minga et al, 2004;Mpenda et al, 2019). However, local chickens are characterized by low productivity traits like low growth performance and eggs production (Yakubu and Ari, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response following Newcastle disease immunization and growth performance of kuroiler, broiler and local Tanzanian chickens

Mpenda¹,

Lyantagaye²,

Buza³

2020

Int. J. Livest. Prod.

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Chicken is a major livestock species raised by smallholder households in rural areas in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa as a chief source of meat protein and income generation. However, Newcastle disease largely compromises the production of this precious bird under backyard production settings. The purpose of the study was to assess antibody responses and growth performance following Newcastle disease vaccination in kuroiler, broiler, and local Tanzanian chickens raised under the same tropical environmental condition. In the experiment, a total of 358 chickens comprised of 127 kuroilers, 121 broilers, and 110 local Tanzanian chickens were raised for seven weeks, and body weights were recorded weekly. Birds were vaccinated at four weeks, and blood samples were collected at days 10, and 21 post-vaccination for antibody titres quantification by ELISA test. Results demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) antibody titres in kuroilers (3.81 ± 0.06) as compared to local chicken (3.73 ± 0.07) and broilers (3.53±0.06) at day 10 post-vaccination. The growth performance of local Tanzanian chickens was comparable to that of kuroilers. The present findings contribute to ongoing work in understanding chicken immune responses against NDV and inform breeding programs designed for developing chickens with increased resistance to NDV.

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“…Virulent strains can cause up to 100% mortality among affected flocks resulting in major economic losses each year (6)(7)(8). In addition to ND, coccidiosis, fowl pox, infectious bursal disease, and less commonly avian influenza cause high morbidity and mortality in village flocks in Africa (9)(10)(11). Chickens raised in extensive production systems with minimal biosecurity measures and restricted access to veterinary inputs, including pharmaceuticals, are at increased risk of these diseases (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study is part of a larger study focused on development of appropriate business models to enhance the distribution of new chicken lines with improved genetics for ND resistance in village poultry production in the two countries. Breeding for resistance to viral infections is considered a viable option for addressing the ever-present threat of infectious diseases in poultry systems in Africa, given the vast genetic potential of local African chicken ecotypes ( 10 ). This approach has gathered momentum in recent years and is the focus of an ongoing research-based intervention for village poultry production in Ghana and Tanzania ( 30 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Upgrade Animal Health Delivery in Village Poultry Systems: Perspectives of Stakeholders From Northern Ghana and Central Zones in Tanzania

Enahoro¹,

Galiè

Abukari

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Village chicken production holds much potential for the alleviation of malnutrition and poverty in rural communities in Africa. Owing to their subsistence nature, however, such systems are rife with infectious poultry diseases such as Newcastle disease (ND). Strategies common for the management of ND and other poultry diseases in intensive production systems, including vaccination and biosecurity measures, have seen limited success in the village production systems. New approaches are needed that can successfully deliver animal health inputs and services for the effective management of poultry health challenges in low-input systems. Our study utilized focus group discussions with men and women farmers as well as other poultry value chain actors such as input suppliers, live bird traders and processed poultry meat retailers, to investigate potential options for delivery of animal health care to village poultry systems in northern Ghana and central Tanzania. ND was commonly reported as a major disease constraint in the study sites of the two countries, with resulting fatalities particularly impactful on men and women producers and on traders. We therefore also conducted interviews that focused specifically on the gender component of village chicken production. The key health related challenges prioritized by women and men participants included limited access to, and poor quality of, vaccines and veterinary drugs, a shortage of veterinary officers, and insufficient knowledge and training of farmers on flock management practices. Women, more than men, emphasized the difficulties of accessing poultry health services. Our assessments suggest that for poultry health care delivery in the studied communities to be effective, there is need to improve the supply of good quality drugs and vaccines in rural areas, respond to the needs of both men and women, and recognize the different incentives for farmers, traders and other value chain actors. Community-based approaches and increased use of ICT technology such as mobile phones have much to offer in this regard.

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The genetic diversity of local african chickens: A potential for selection of chickens resistant to viral infections

Cited by 52 publications

References 79 publications

Mitochondrial diversity of Yoruba and Fulani chickens: A biodiversity reservoir in Nigeria

Mitochondrial diversity of Yoruba and Fulani chickens: A biodiversity reservoir in Nigeria

Immune response following Newcastle disease immunization and growth performance of kuroiler, broiler and local Tanzanian chickens

Strategies to Upgrade Animal Health Delivery in Village Poultry Systems: Perspectives of Stakeholders From Northern Ghana and Central Zones in Tanzania

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