The genetic impact of aztec imperialism: Ancient mitochondrial DNA evidence from Xaltocan, Mexico

Mata‐Míguez, Jaime; Overholtzer, Lisa; Rodríguez-Alegría, Enrique; Kemp, Brian M.; Bolnick, Deborah A.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22152

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…An exact test of population differentiation [40] was used as described above (α = 0.00036 after Bonferroni correction). Comparisons in levels of genetic diversity ( Ĥ a) between Teopancazco and, Maya, Otomi, Nahua populations [44–46, 49–53] and Lacandon populations [54] were carried out by using a one-way ANOVA with a post-hoc Dunnett’s test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600)

et al. 2015

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Multiethnicity in Teopancazco, Teotihuacan, is supported by foreign individuals found in the neighborhood center as well as by the diversity observed in funerary rituals at the site. Studies of both stable and strontium isotopes as well as paleodietary analysis, suggest that the population of Teopancazco was composed by three population groups: people from Teotihuacan, people from nearby sites (Tlaxcala-Hidalgo-Puebla), and people from afar, including the coastal plains. In an attempt to understand the genetic dynamics in Teopancazco we conducted an ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis based on mtDNA. Our results show that the level of genetic diversity is consistent with the multiethnicity phenomenon at the neighborhood center. Levels of genetic diversity at different time periods of Teopancazco’s history show that multiethnicity was evident since the beginning and lasted until the collapse of the neighborhood center. However, a PCA and a Neighbor-Joining tree suggested the presence of a genetically differentiated group (buried at the Transitional phase) compared to the population from the initial phase (Tlamimilolpa) as well as the population from the final phase (Xolalpan) of the history of Teopancazco. Genetic studies showed no differences in genetic diversity between males and females in the adult population of Teopancazco, this data along with ample archaeological evidence, suggest a neolocal post-marital pattern of residence in Teopancazco. Nevertheless, genetic analyses on the infant population showed that the males are significantly more heterogeneous than the females suggesting a possible differential role in cultural practices by sex in the infant sector. Regarding interpopulation analysis, we found similar indices of genetic diversity between Teopancazco and heterogeneous native groups, which support the multiethnic character of Teopancazco. Finally, our data showed a close genetic relationship between Teopancazco and populations from the “Teotihuacan corridor” and from Oaxaca and the Maya region, in agreement with previous archaeological evidence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600)

et al. 2015

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“…Specific precautions were taken to minimize contamination and its occurrence was detected in order to ensure accurate assignment of haplogroups in the ancient samples, as reported in Shook et al (2008) and Mata-Míguez et al (2012). Sample preparation/cleaning, DNA extraction, and PCR reactions were performed in the ancient DNA laboratory at Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, a physically isolated laboratory with double doors, restricted access, and head UV lights containing all of the equipment and reagents required specifically for ancient DNA research.…”

Section: Contamination Controls and Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of present-day American indigenous groups fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) or, in the case of haplogroup B, by a nine base pair (bp) deletion (Torroni et al 1992(Torroni et al , 1993Brown et al 1998;Smith et al 1999). These haplogroups can be used to analyze the genetic relationships between populations that share recent common ancestry related to the peopling of the Americas (Kemp et al 2005;Mata-Míguez et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The modern Mesoamerican indigenous populations show high frequency of haplogroup A, low frequencies of haplogroups B, C, and D, and the absence of X (Torroni et al 1994;Peñaloza et al 2007;Sandoval et al 2009;Kemp et al 2010;Mata-Míguez et al 2012). Studies on ancient DNA specimens of pre-Columbian Mayans from Xcaret and Quintana Roo (González-Oliver et al 2001) and Aztecs from Tlatelolco (Kemp et al 2005;De la Cruz et al 2008), Mexico, suggest that this distribution pattern of haplogroup frequencies has long existed in the region (Kemp et al 2005).…”

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Genetic Overview of the Maya Populations: Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups

González‐Oliver¹,

Pineda-Vázquez²,

Garfias-Morales³

et al. 2018

Human Biology

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We identified the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups A, B, C and D in 75 present-day Maya individuals, 24 Maya individuals of the colonial period and one pre-Columbian Maya individual from Quintana Roo, Mexico. We examined these data together with those of 21 Maya populations accounting for 647 present-day Maya individuals and 104 ancient Maya individuals. A demographic study based on the analysis of fertility and endogamy was carried out in two modern Maya populations to identify cultural factors that influence the mitochondrial haplogroup genetic diversity. Most present-day and ancient Maya populations show a distribution pattern of mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies A, C, B and D in decreasing order, with haplogroup D absent in several populations. Considering only modern Maya populations with at least 50 individuals analyzed, the present-day Tzotzil and Lacandon populations from Chiapas show the higher and lower genetic diversities, 0.706 and 0.025 respectively. Our results show small genetic differences between the Maya populations with exception of the present-day Tojolabal and Lacandon populations from Chiapas. The present-day Lacandon population from Chiapas is different to other Maya populations in showing almost only haplogroup A. This result suggests a long history of isolation and endogamy as well as a possible founder effect inside the Lacandonian rain-forest. The contemporary Tojolabal population is the only one with an unusual mitochondrial haplogroup pattern exhibiting a frequency of haplogroup B higher than A and the absence of haplogroup C. With a small sample size, the pre-Columbian Copan Maya show a high content of haplogroup C and a low frequency of haplogroup D. The genetic homogeneity of the Maya populations is indicative of a common origin and nearly continuous gene flow in the longterm within a general isolation of the whole group, conversely to the Nahua populations that had different origins. Our demographic study showed high fertility rates and high levels of endogamy Pre-print version. Visit http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/ after publication to acquire the final version.Pre-Columbian Mayan society was characterized by a highly developed social structure and productive technology. The population size fluctuated geographically and temporally with a tendency to increase in the cities. The Maya were divided in autonomous political entities, maintaining multiple networks through commerce, warfare, and migration that influenced their economic, cultural, and demographic development (Renfrew 1975;Schele and Freidel 1990;Folan et al. 2000;Sierra et al. 2014).Evidence of far-reaching commerce, exchange of elite individuals through marriage, and non-elite population mobility suggests a degree of genetic flow among Mayan populations in the

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“…Detailed contextual information suggests intentional burial of the individuals beneath the house structure and continued knowledge of their presence across generations (Overholtzer ). Additionally, aDNA analysis of 16 of the individuals indicates that a number of people buried in spatial proximity shared mitochondrial haplotypes (Mata‐Míguez et al ). Overall, the skeletal remains are very well preserved and complete, except in the case of two contexts with some post‐depositional disturbance by animal activity (Overholtzer ).…”

Section: Everyday Life Activities In Postclassic Central Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

10 Bioarchaeological Perspectives on the Materiality of Everyday Life Activities

Wesp

2015

Archaeological Papers of the American

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The activities of everyday life influence not only the extrasomatic material world, but also the material properties of our own bodies. Living bone tissue is a dynamic material that responds to external and internal stimuli to alter its size, shape, and structure, and the repetitive actions from daily life performances leave traces that can be interpreted from archaeological skeletal remains. This chapter examines how the human body can be interpreted as a type of material object that both shapes and is shaped by our behavior. These changes are highlighted through the examination of a small skeletal population from the Postclassic site of Xaltocan in Central Mexico. Bioarchaeological analyses of these material changes add a unique perspective to the discussion of the materiality of everyday life in the past.

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The genetic impact of aztec imperialism: Ancient mitochondrial DNA evidence from Xaltocan, Mexico

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600)

Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600)

Genetic Overview of the Maya Populations: Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups

10 Bioarchaeological Perspectives on the Materiality of Everyday Life Activities

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