The genetic risk factors for pregnancy‐induced hypertension: Evidence from genetic polymorphisms

Abstract

Pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) is a multifactorial and severe pregnancy complication including preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic (pre‐existing) hypertension, and preeclampsia/eclampsia variants superimposed on chronic hypertension. PIH‐induced maternal mortality accounts for approximately 9% of all maternal deaths over the world. A large number of case‐control studies have established the importance of various genetic factors in the occurrence and development of PIH. In this narrative review, we summarized the genetic risk factors involved in the renin‐angiotensin system, endothelin system, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and other functional networks, with the aim of sorting out the genetic factors that may play a potential role in PIH and providing new ideas to elucidate the pathogenesis of PIH.

From Living in Saltwater to a Scarcity of Salt and Water, and Then an Overabundance of Salt—The Biological Roller Coaster to Which the Renin–Angiotensin System Has Had to Adapt: An Editorial

“…The ACE I/D also increases the risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [26], together with other variabilities of ACE [27]. Polymorphisms of the ACE and AT 1 R and AT 2 R genes seem to be associated with preeclampsia and pregnancyinduced hypertension [28]. Angiotensinogen is also a fairly conservative protein: several sequence features are maintained in 57 vertebrate species.…”

The prevalence and linkage disequilibrium of 21 genetic variations related to thrombophilia, folate cycle, and hypertension in reproductive age women of Rostov region (Russia)

“…In addition to previously mentioned variants, several scientists have also focused on genetic variations of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress and other pathways that modulate blood pressure. Many of those are known to be associated with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (mainly preeclampsia) (Wei et al., 2022). For example, variations in angiotensinogen ( AGT ), angiotensin receptor ( AGTR1 , AGTR2 ), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme ( ACE ) genes can modulate genetic expression and thus cause uncontrolled activation of RAS leading to hypertensive and other pregnancy complications (Ashour et al., 2022; Zotova et al., 2019).…”

Analysis of maternal factors affecting the occurrence of congenital heart disease in newborns in Lanzhou area and potency of a nomogram prediction model

“…Maternal deaths caused by PIH account for about 9% of maternal deaths worldwide [10] . Animal experiments have found that RhoGAP involved in regulating blood pressure is positively correlated with functional cardiac development in mice.…”