The genetic underpinnings of callous-unemotional traits: A systematic research review

Moore, Ashlee A.; Blair, James; Hettema, John M.; Roberson‐Nay, Roxann

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.018

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Early studies concluded that CU traits developed independently of parenting [ 18 ]. Twin studies appeared to support this conclusion with 40%–78% of the variance in CU traits attributable to genetic influences [ 19 ]. Indeed, children with CU traits show inherited characteristics that make parenting more challenging and increase risk for CP, including punishment insensitivity and low social affiliation [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Waller

Powell

Rodriguez

et al. 2021

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Waller

Powell

Rodriguez

et al. 2021

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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“…Both traits are normally distributed in the general population (Chamorro et al, 2012;Georgiev et al, 2013), and the extreme ends of their spectra are marked as maladaptive and pathological (McLennan, 2016). Both genes (Brikell et al, 2018;Moore et al, 2019) and the environment (Gescher et al, 2018;Waller et al, 2018) play important roles in the etiology of impulsive and callous traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and in Association With Impulsive and Callous Traits

et al. 2020

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. ADHD and related personality traits, such as impulsivity and callousness, are caused by genetic and environmental factors and their interplay. Epigenetic modifications of DNA, including methylation, are thought to mediate between such factors and behavior and may behave as biomarkers for disorders. Here, we set out to study DNA methylation in persistent ADHD and related traits. We performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) on peripheral whole blood from participants in the NeuroIMAGE study (age range 12-23 years). We compared participants with persistent ADHD (n = 35) with healthy controls (n = 19) and with participants with remittent ADHD (n = 19). Additionally, we performed EWASs of impulsive and callous traits derived from the Conners Parent Rating Scale and the Callous-Unemotional Inventory, respectively, across all participants. For every EWAS, the linear regression model analyzed included covariates for age, sex, smoking scores, and surrogate variables reflecting blood cell type composition and genetic background. We observed no epigenome-wide significant differences in single CpG site methylation between participants with persistent ADHD and healthy controls or participants with remittent ADHD. However, epigenome-wide analysis of differentially methylated regions provided significant findings showing that hypermethylated regions in the APOB and LPAR5 genes were associated with ADHD persistence compared to ADHD remittance (p = 1.68 * 10 −24 and p = 9.06 * 10 −7 , respectively); both genes are involved in cholesterol signaling. Both findings appeared to be linked to genetic variation in cis. We found neither significant epigenome-wide single CpG sites nor regions associated with impulsive and callous traits; the top-hits from these analyses were annotated to genes involved in neurotransmitter release and the regulation of the biological clock. No link to genetic variation was observed for these findings, which thus might reflect environmental influences. In conclusion, in this pilot study with a small sample size, we observed several DNA-methylation-disorder/trait associations of potential significance for ADHD and the related behavioral traits. Although we do not wish to draw conclusions before replication in larger, independent samples, cholesterol signaling and metabolism may be of relevance for the onset and/or persistence of ADHD.

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“…Researchers have posited different developmental pathways to CD/HCU and CD/LCU, with CD/HCU having a stronger genetic component and CD/LCU a stronger environmental component (e.g., Viding, Blair, Moffitt, & Plomin, 2005). CU traits themselves are between 36-67% heritable, according to a recent estimate (Moore, Blair, Hettema, & Roberson-Nay, 2019). In line with this, early research suggested that ineffective parenting was associated with conduct problems only in youths with low levels of CU traits;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits

et al. 2020

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Less is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9–18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence.

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The genetic underpinnings of callous-unemotional traits: A systematic research review

Cited by 62 publications

References 112 publications

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and in Association With Impulsive and Callous Traits

Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits

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