The Genetical Interpretation of Statistics of the Third Degree in the Study of Quantitative Inheritance

Fisher, R. A.; Immer, F. R.; Tedin, Olof

doi:10.1093/genetics/17.2.107

Cited by 163 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, there may be some value in considering what the underlying physiology may be. Heterozygosis as considered by Shull and his early contemporaries is entirely or very nearly the same concept . Fisher (1918.…”

Section: Physiological Nature Of Overdominancementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Heterozygosis as considered by Shull and his early contemporaries is entirely or very nearly the same concept . Fisher (1918. Fisher ( , 1932 has discussed this concept more generally as super-dominance.…”

Section: Physiological Nature Of Overdominancementioning

confidence: 87%

“…The literature on heterosis contains a number of discussions concerning the relation between seed and embryo size and heterosis (Kiesselbach, 1926: Ashby, , 1932, 1937East, 1936;Sprague, 1936;Copeland, 1940;Murdoch, 1940;Kempton and McLane, 1942;Whaley, 1944Whaley, , 1950.…”

Section: Seed and Embryo Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For yield characters subject to any high degree of artificial selection an increase in yield is probably accompanied by a greater proper-DOMINANCE AND OVERDOMINANCE 291 tional increase in selective value. Thus any conclusions about maximum i)roportional increase in selective value would hold a forliori for yield . Fisher (1949) reaches a similar conclusion when he says: "If the chance of survival is equated to the yield, as is reasonable with grain crops.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Heterosis: A Record of Researches Directed Toward Explaining and Utilizing the Vigor of Hybrids

Gowen¹

1952

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CONWAY ZIRKLEexception. Practically all of its factual background was reported before Mendel's great contribution was discovered. Even workable methods for utilizing hybrid vigor in crop production were known, but it was not until the classic post-Mendelian investigations of Shull, East, and Jones were completed, that heterosis took its proper place in genetics. The following discussion of the importance of heterosis will be confined to its pre-Mendelian background.Heterosis can be described as a special instance of the general principles involved in inbreeding and outbreeding. To fit it into its proper niche, we will trace first the evolution of our ideas on the effects of these two contrasting types of mating. Since our earliest breeding records seem limited to those of human beings and primitive deities, we will start with the breeding records of these two forms.Hybrid vigor has been recognized in a great many plants during the last two hundred years. We will therefore describe briefly what was known of its influence on these plants. Because heterosis has reached its greatest development in Zea mays, we will trace briefly the pre-Mendelian genetics of this plant, and show how the facts were discovered which have been of such great scientific and economic importance.The ill effects of too-close inbreeding have been known for a long time.Indeed, Charles Darwin (1868) believed that natural selection had produced in us an instinct against incest, and was effective in developing this instinct because of the greater survival value of the more vigorous offspring of exogamous matings. One of his contemporaries, Tylor (1865), noted that many savage tribes had tabooed the marriage of near relatives, and he assumed that they had done so because they had noticed the ill effects of inbreeding. The Greeks looked upon certain marriages between near relatives as crimes. This has been known almost universally ever since Freud popularized the tragedy of King Oedipus. At present, we outlaw close inbreeding in man, and our custom is scientifically sound.We are apt to be mistaken, however, if we read into the standards of our distant preceptors the factual knowledge which we have today. The intellectual ancestors of European civilization approved of inbreeding and actually practiced it on supposedly eugenic grounds. The fact that their genetics was unsound and their eugenic notions impractical is irrelevant.They had their ideals, they were conscientious and they did their duties. The Pharaohs married their own sisters when possible so that their godlike blood would not be diluted. Marriage between half brother and sister was common in other royal families of the period. Actually, as we shall see, the two great pillars of European thought, Hebrew morality and Greek philosophy, endorsed inbreeding as a matter-of-course.The Hebrews, who derived mankind from a single pair, were compelled to assume that the first men born had to marry their sisters-as there were EARLY IDEAS ON INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING 3 then no other women on the e...

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Section: Physiological Nature Of Overdominancementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Physiological Nature Of Overdominancementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Seed and Embryo Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Heterosis: A Record of Researches Directed Toward Explaining and Utilizing the Vigor of Hybrids

Gowen¹

1952

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“…The question of the importance of the third moment in quantitative genetics goes back to its earliest days when [Fisher et. al., 1932] investigated effects on the third moment for additive quantitative traits with few trait loci or traits depending on dominance effects.…”

Section: Skewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative traits under selection: derivations of distributions, higher moments, and the effects of recombination

Smith¹

2021

Preprint

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The mathematical theory of quantitative traits is over one hundred years old but it is still a fertile area for research and analysis. However, the effects of selection on a quantitative trait, while well understood for the effects on the mean and variance, have traditionally been difficult to attack from the perspective of analyzing the probability density of the breeding values and deriving higher (third and fourth) moments as well as analyzing the impact of recombination. In this paper, the exact formula for the breeding value distribution after selection is derived and, using new integral tables, the first four moments are given exact expressions for the first time. In addition, the effects of recombination on the full distribution of breeding values are demonstrated. Finally, the changes of GXE covariance in the selected parent population caused by factors similar to the Bulmer Effect are also investigated in detail.

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An Informal History of Statistics

Simmonds

1999

Plant Breeding Reviews

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The Genetical Interpretation of Statistics of the Third Degree in the Study of Quantitative Inheritance

Cited by 163 publications

References 4 publications

Heterosis: A Record of Researches Directed Toward Explaining and Utilizing the Vigor of Hybrids

Heterosis: A Record of Researches Directed Toward Explaining and Utilizing the Vigor of Hybrids

Quantitative traits under selection: derivations of distributions, higher moments, and the effects of recombination

An Informal History of Statistics

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