The Genetics and Transcriptional Profiles of the Cellulose Synthase-Like <i>HvCslF</i> Gene Family in Barley

Burton, Rachel A.; Jobling, Stephen A.; Harvey, Andrew J.; Shirley, Neil J.; Mather, D. E.; Bacic, Antony; Fincher, Geoffrey B.

doi:10.1104/pp.107.114694

Cited by 206 publications

(322 citation statements)

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“…Though our test does not pass multiple testing as it was designed only for single sequence tests, it does satisfy greater thresholds of 519 and 3.1 9 10 -17 for hit score and E value, respectively, which we believe is of high value. The CslF gene family was previously shown in rice (Burton et al 2006) and barley (Burton et al 2008) to have b-glucan synthase function. To date, b-glucan QTL have not been identified in oat within proximity to the CslF gene family based on comparative genomics methods using information from the other grass species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study for oat (Avena sativa L.) beta-glucan concentration using germplasm of worldwide origin

et al. 2012

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Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling complex traits followed by selection has become a common approach for selection in crop plants. The QTL are most often identified by linkage mapping using experimental F2, backcross, advanced inbred, or doubled haploid families. An alternative approach for QTL detection are genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that use pre-existing lines such as those found in breeding programs. We explored the implementation of GWAS in oat (Avena sativa L.) to identify QTL affecting β-glucan concentration, a soluble dietary fiber with several human health benefits when consumed as a whole grain. A total of 431 lines of worldwide origin were tested over 2 years and genotyped using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. A mixed model approach was used where both population structure fixed effects and pair-wise kinship random effects were included. Various mixed models that differed with respect to population structure and kinship were tested for their ability to control for false positives. As expected, given the level of population structure previously described in oat, population structure did not play a large role in controlling for false positives. Three independent markers were significantly associated with β-glucan concentration. Significant marker sequences were compared with rice and one of the three showed sequence homology to genes localized on rice chromosome seven adjacent to the CslFgene family, known to have β-glucan synthase function. Results indicate that GWAS in oat can be a successful option for QTL detection, more so with future development of higher-density markers. Abstract Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling complex traits followed by selection has become a common approach for selection in crop plants. The QTL are most often identified by linkage mapping using experimental F 2 , backcross, advanced inbred, or doubled haploid families. An alternative approach for QTL detection are genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that use pre-existing lines such as those found in breeding programs. We explored the implementation of GWAS in oat (Avena sativa L.) to identify QTL affecting b-glucan concentration, a soluble dietary fiber with several human health benefits when consumed as a whole grain. A total of 431 lines of worldwide origin were tested over 2 years and genotyped using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. A mixed model approach was used where both population structure fixed effects and pair-wise kinship random effects were included. Various mixed models that differed with respect to population structure and kinship were tested for their ability to control for false positives. As expected, given the level of population structure previously described in oat, population structure did not play a large role in controlling for false positives. Three independent markers were significantly associated with b-glucan concentration. Significant marker sequences were compared with rice and one of the three showed sequence hom...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study for oat (Avena sativa L.) beta-glucan concentration using germplasm of worldwide origin

et al. 2012

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“…Nevertheless, transcript abundance of Cellulose Synthase (CesA) genes involved in cellulose synthesis in primary cell walls was monitored throughout endosperm development, because the presence of small amounts of cellulose in the walls of mature endosperm (Fincher, 1975) indicates that these genes should be active. Burton et al (2008) reported that HvCesA1, HvCesA2, and HvCesA6 are cotranscribed in tissues where primary wall synthesis is occurring. In the developing barley endosperm, relatively low levels of these transcripts were detected throughout starchy endosperm development (Fig.…”

Section: Transcript Profiles Of Cellulose Synthase Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supernatant was removed to a clean tube and the standard extraction protocol continued. cDNA synthesis was carried out and used for QPCR as described in Burton et al (2008), using identical primers for control genes as described therein. QPCR primers for the various cellulose synthase-like genes examined are supplied in Table I.…”

Section: Immunolabeling For Light and Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Deposition of Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Transcript Abundance of Related Cell Wall Synthesis Genes during Differentiation in Barley Endosperm

Wilson

Burton²,

Collins³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

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Immunolabeling, combined with chemical analyses and transcript profiling, have provided a comprehensive temporal and spatial picture of the deposition and modification of cell wall polysaccharides during barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain development, from endosperm cellularization at 3 d after pollination (DAP) through differentiation to the mature grain at 38 DAP. (1→3)-β-d-Glucan appears transiently during cellularization but reappears in patches in the subaleurone cell walls around 20 DAP. (1→3, 1→4)-β-Glucan, the most abundant polysaccharide of the mature barley grain, accumulates throughout development. Arabino-(1-4)-β-d-xylan is deposited significantly earlier than we previously reported. This was attributable to the initial deposition of the polysaccharide in a highly substituted form that was not recognized by antibodies commonly used to detect arabino-(1-4)-β-d-xylans in sections of plant material. The epitopes needed for antibody recognition were exposed by pretreatment of sections with α-l-arabinofuranosidase; this procedure showed that arabino-(1-4)-β-d-xylans were deposited as early as 5 DAP and highlighted their changing structures during endosperm development. By 28 DAP labeling of hetero-(1→4)-β-d-mannan is observed in the walls of the starchy endosperm but not in the aleurone walls. Although absent in mature endosperm cell walls we now show that xyloglucan is present transiently from 3 until about 6 DAP and disappears by 8 DAP. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of transcripts for GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE, Cellulose Synthase, and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE genes were consistent with the patterns of polysaccharide deposition. Transcript profiling of some members from the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes database glycosyl transferase families GT61, GT47, and GT43, previously implicated in arabino-(1-4)-β-d-xylan biosynthesis, confirms their presence during grain development.

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“…There has been limited research on β-glucan mutants, compared to those with altered starch composition, but mutants have been induced, with lower β-glucan than the parental line e.g., by sodium azide treatment in the feed variety Minerva 1 . More recently, a number of cellulose synthase-like genes have been identified and implicated in the synthesis of β-glucan 12 and several of these genes have been located on the barley genome and sequenced. This has created the potential to identify and exploit mutations that suppress synthesis and Tanooka et al 26 reported a 'β-glucanless' grain, resulting from a mutation in the HvCslF6 locus on chromosome 7H.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Grain and Malt â-Glucan on Distilling Quality in a Population of Hull-less Barley

Swanston

Middlefell-Williams

Forster

et al. 2011

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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A population of barley lines, derived by mutation in the hull-less variety, Penthouse, was included in a replicated trial, along with Penthouse and the hulled malting cultivar, Optic. Samples were assessed for a range of grain quality traits, then malted, with germination for either 4 or 5 days, prior to kilning. Most lines had grain β-glucan contents lower than that of Penthouse, but there was no significant correlation between grain and malt β-glucan content. Malt β-glucan levels were indicative of differences in cell wall breakdown between 4 and 5 days germination, but negative associations with distilling parameters Extract and Alcohol Yield, were not statistically significant. It was concluded that the lines differed in the rate and extent of cell wall breakdown and that grain shape may influence modification in distal parts of the grain. However, a malting regime, optimised to suit Optic may be less suited to discriminating between hullless lines of reasonable quality.

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The Genetics and Transcriptional Profiles of the Cellulose Synthase-Like HvCslF Gene Family in Barley

Cited by 206 publications

References 42 publications

Genome-wide association study for oat (Avena sativa L.) beta-glucan concentration using germplasm of worldwide origin

Genome-wide association study for oat (Avena sativa L.) beta-glucan concentration using germplasm of worldwide origin

Pattern of Deposition of Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Transcript Abundance of Related Cell Wall Synthesis Genes during Differentiation in Barley Endosperm

Effects of Grain and Malt â-Glucan on Distilling Quality in a Population of Hull-less Barley

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