The genetics of cardiovascular disease: new insights from emerging approaches

Chico, Timothy J. A.; Milo, Marta; Crossman, David C.

doi:10.1002/path.2641

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…By contrast, in the same study, when miR-92a was inhibited, blood vessel growth in ischemic limbs improved and infarct size was reduced after myocardial infarction in mice. Prevention of induced gene silencing can, therefore, improve collateral vessel development [65].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Diseases

Banerjee

Luettich

2012

Biomarkers Med.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a family of small, endogenous, noncoding functional RNA molecules that have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They inhibit the translation of proteins from mRNA or promote its degradation. Aberrant miRNA expression has been linked to various human diseases and measurement can differentiate between normal and diseased tissue. Expression is tissue-specific and any changes in miRNA expression within a tissue type can be correlated with disease status. Altered miRNA expression has been reported in the smoking-related diseases cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, miRNAs are thought to have vital roles in inflammatory cell differentiation and regulation. miRNAs might, therefore, be useful biomarkers for early detection of disease-related molecular and genetic changes. In this review, we summarize the available scientific evidence for the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers of smoking-related diseases. Studies should be carried out to identify the miRNAs most relevant to specific diseases.

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Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Diseases

Banerjee

Luettich

2012

Biomarkers Med.

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“…Behavioral assays are actively being developed that facilitate the use of zebrafish to study many of the components associated with addiction. Zebrafish are used to study a wide range of human diseases, including but not limited to cardiovascular disease, leukemia, neurodegenerative disease, and solid tumor cancers (Chico, Milo, & Crossman, 2010;Payne & Look, 2009;Sager, Bai, & Burton, 2010;Taylor & Zon, 2009). Zebrafish are also being utilized to advance the field of nicotine research through investigations into neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and studies of the behavioral effects of nicotine (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish for the Study of the Biological Effects of Nicotine

Klee

Ebbert

Schneider

et al. 2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Zebrafish are emerging as a powerful animal model for studying the molecular and physiological effects of nicotine exposure. The zebrafish have many advantageous physical characteristics, including small size, high fecundity rates, and externally developing transparent embryos. When combined with a battery of molecular-genetic tools and behavioral assays, these attributes enable studies to be conducted that are not practical using traditional animal models. Methods:We reviewed the literature on the application of the zebrafish model as a preclinical model to study the biological effects of nicotine exposure. Results:The identified studies used zebrafish to examine the effects of nicotine exposure on early development, addiction, anxiety, and learning. The methods used included green fluorescent protein-labeled proteins to track in vivo nicotine-altered neuron development, nicotine-conditioned place preference, and locomotive sensitization linked with high-throughput molecular and genetic screens and behavioral models of learning and stress response to nicotine. Data are presented on the complete homology of all known human neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in zebrafish and on the biological similarity of human and zebrafish dopaminergic signaling.Conclusions: Tobacco dependence remains a major health problem worldwide. Further understanding of the molecular effects of nicotine exposure and genetic contributions to dependence may lead to improvement in patient treatment strategies. While there are limitations to the use of zebrafish as a preclinical model, it should provide a valuable tool to complement existing model systems. The reviewed studies demonstrate the enormous opportunity zebrafish have to advance the science of nicotine and tobacco research.

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“…Therefore, vertebrate models suitable for genetic screening and functional studies of genetic mutations are becoming increasingly important (34). In this regard, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been emerging as a vertebrate model for genetic studies (9), and zebrafish embryonic hearts have already been used extensively to study functional consequences of genetic mutations (11,12,32) during development. It has been predicted that zebrafish will play an increasingly important role in cardiovascular research in the coming years (2,7,8,30,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Calcium handling in zebrafish ventricular myocytes

Zhang

Llach

Sheng

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The zebrafish is an important model for the study of vertebrate cardiac development with a rich array of genetic mutations and biological reagents for functional interrogation. The similarity of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) cardiac action potential with that of humans further enhances the relevance of this model. In spite of this, little is known about excitation-contraction coupling in the zebrafish heart. To address this issue, adult zebrafish cardiomyocytes were isolated by enzymatic perfusion of the cannulated ventricle and were subjected to amphotericin-perforated patch-clamp technique, confocal calcium imaging, and/or measurements of cell shortening. Simultaneous recordings of the voltage dependence of the L-type calcium current (I(Ca,L)) amplitude and cell shortening showed a typical bell-shaped current-voltage (I-V) relationship for I(Ca,L) with a maximum at +10 mV, whereas calcium transients and cell shortening showed a monophasic increase with membrane depolarization that reached a plateau at membrane potentials above +20 mV. Values of I(Ca,L) were 53, 100, and 17% of maximum at -20, +10, and +40 mV, while the corresponding calcium transient amplitudes were 64, 92, and 98% and cell shortening values were 62, 95, and 96% of maximum, respectively, suggesting that I(Ca,L) is the major contributor to the activation of contraction at voltages below +10 mV, whereas the contribution of reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange becomes increasingly more important at membrane potentials above +10 mV. Comparison of the recovery of I(Ca,L) from acute and steady-state inactivation showed that reduction of I(Ca,L) upon elevation of the stimulation frequency is primarily due to calcium-dependent I(Ca,L) inactivation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that a large yield of healthy atrial and ventricular myocytes can be obtained by enzymatic perfusion of the cannulated zebrafish heart. Moreover, zebrafish ventricular myocytes differed from that of large mammals by having larger I(Ca,L) density and a monophasically increasing contraction-voltage relationship, suggesting that caution should be taken upon extrapolation of the functional impact of mutations on calcium handling and contraction in zebrafish cardiomyocytes.

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The genetics of cardiovascular disease: new insights from emerging approaches

Cited by 16 publications

References 116 publications

MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Diseases

MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Diseases

Zebrafish for the Study of the Biological Effects of Nicotine

Calcium handling in zebrafish ventricular myocytes

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