The Genetics of Colias (Lepidoptera)

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRIDS DERIVED FROM THE SULFUR BUTTERFLIES,COLIAS EURYTHEMEANDC. PHILODICE: PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS OF THE X-CHROMOSOME

“…The different phenotypes of each species could therefore result from differential regulation of commonly held structural genes on the autosomes by speciesspecific regulatory genes on the X-chromosomes. It is worth noting in this context that C. eurytheme exhibits a great deal of phenotypic plasticity and under short-day photoperiods and reduced temperatures becomes very similar to C. philodice (Remington, 1954;Hoffman, 1973). This phenomenon is consistent with the hypothesis that C. eurytheme and C. philodice share many structural genes and their different phenotypes are produced as a result of different instructions received from regulatory genes (which in turn can be modulated by different external conditions).…”

“…Only for wing pigmentation (orange in eurytheme vs. yellow in philodice) have any genetic analyses been previously undertaken. From the existing data Remington (1954) concluded only that wing color is controlled by one or two pairs of genes and that no dominance is involved. This explanation is consistent with the results of this study.…”

Patterns of Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Evolution in the Oeneis chryxus Complex (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): A Test of Historical Biogeographical Hypotheses

“…Although they differ only in color and pigment chemistry (Tilden and Smith, 1986) (Hovanitz, 1940;Remington, 1958; C. C. Nice, personal observation). Unfortunately, the genetic control of wing color has not been studied directly because the animals are difficult to culture.…”

Disruptive sexual selection in Colias eurytheme butterflies.

“…The female-limited alba dimorphism is widespread throughout the genus Colias (14). Alba and orange females differ physiologically in several important ways (15,16), and it is possible that the two phenotypes have different thresh- Table 2.…”