The genetics of inherited retinal disorders in dogs: implications for diagnosis and management

Abstract

Dogs are affected by many hereditary diseases just as humans are. One group of these diseases comprises of retinal disorders, which are a growing problem in canine breeding. These disorders are heterogeneous, with diverse causative mutations and modes of inheritance. Some affect only one breed, while others may affect many breeds; some breeds are affected by only one disease, while others can be affected by two or more. Dog breeders should take into account the presence of any deleterious alleles when choosing parents for the next generation.

A novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the genotypic survey of the non-homologous end-joining factor 1 gene associated with Collie eye anomaly in Thailand

“…The first CEA case was reported in Smooth and Rough Collies, Border Collies, and Shetland Sheepdogs [1,2]. Several breeds, including Australian Shepherds, Lancashire Heelers, Australian Kelpies, Boykin Spaniels, Longhaired Whippets, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers, Silken Windhounds, and Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/January-2022/17.pdf Hokkaido dogs, have been diagnosed with CEA to date [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

DNA profiling and personalised medicine from Nationwide Laboratories

“…DNA screening of potential sires has become extremely important to attempt to eliminate some forms of genetic disease, through breeding. One such condition is a form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) known as PRA-rcd3 in the Cardigan Welsh Corgi (Figure 2), which causes blindness in young adult dogs (Palanova, 2016). From 1 January 2015, the Kennel Club will only register puppies that have been born as a result of mating between two parents that have been gene tested and are clear of PRA-rcd3 (The Kennel Club, 2020).…”

Genotypic and allelic frequencies of progressive rod‐cone degeneration and other main variants associated with progressive retinal atrophy in Italian dogs

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Genetic tests are available for the detection of various forms of PRA and are able to detect affected/at-risk dogs, heterozygous carriers and clear subjects. 18 The principal aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate allele and genotype frequencies of different PRAassociated variants in Italian dogs over a 10-year period. This included assessing, for each dog, the genotypic heterozygosis or homozygosis, in order to provide a prevalence for the clear dogs, as well as of the affected/at-risk subjects and the heterozygous carriers.…”

“…Over 20 genes have been identified in PRA across different breeds with a wide range of genetic alleles reported 9–17 . Genetic tests are available for the detection of various forms of PRA and are able to detect affected/at‐risk dogs, heterozygous carriers and clear subjects 18 …”