The Genome of Setaria digitata: A Cattle Nematode Closely Related to Human Filarial Parasites

Senanayake, Kanchana; Söderberg, Jonas; Põlajev, Aleksei; Malmberg, Maja; Karunanayake, E.H.; Tennekoon, Kamani Hemamala; Samarakoon, Sameera Ranganath; Bongcam‐Rudloff, Erik; Niazi, Adnan

doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa017

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These genes can either be laterally transferred from Wolbachia or S. digitata have developed their own genes. However, no transfer relating to these metabolic pathways were apparent in previous genomic analysis (Senanayake et al, 2020). Our genome sequencing and subsequent analyses showed complete metabolic pathway reconstructions of S. digitata to determine how S. digitata acquires these metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Construction of Metabolic Pathways based on Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Laterally- Transferred Wolbachia-like Sequences in the Setaria Digitata Genome

Rashanthy

Kothalawala

Mugunamalwaththa

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Setaria digitata is a Wolbachia-free filarial parasite that causes cerebrospinal nematodiasis in non-permissive hosts such as goats, sheep and horses leading to substantial economic losses in animal husbandry. Due to its similarity to Wuchereria bancrofti, primary causing agent of human lymphatic filariasis (HLF), S. digitata can be used as a model organism to study the biology of HLF. This study was mainly aimed to bring functional analysis of metabolic pathways in S. digitata. A draft genome of 78,774,594 bases making a total of 2,075 contigs was generated. ‘BLAST2GO’ functional annotation resulted in 28112 BLAST hits with an e-value lower than 1e-4 and a sequence similarity higher than 30%. Out of a total of 2075 contigs, 1280 contigs were used to generate a total of 6055 GO annotations at a mean level of 6.488 with standard deviation of 2.675. Overall, 89.1% of mapped reads were annotated by at least one of the three categories of the GO function classification. Moreover, 111 enzymes associated with 95 distinct metabolic pathways were identified. We suggest that S. digitata may have evolved its own sequences to code for haem, riboflavin, and FAD in the absence of Wolbachia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Construction of Metabolic Pathways based on Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Laterally- Transferred Wolbachia-like Sequences in the Setaria Digitata Genome

Rashanthy

Kothalawala

Mugunamalwaththa

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Since targeting apoptosis is a good approach but complete genome sequencing of S. digitata , a substitute model of W. bancrofti will help to understand the genetics behind this approach and later to develop genomic medicine that targets anti‐apoptotic mediators. However, the draft genome sequence of S. digitata has already been developed by Senanayaki et al 187 and analysis of the genetics may assist in seeking negatively regulating genes of filarial apoptosis. As we know Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silences the genes thus, the development of siRNA with complementary sequences can target anti‐apoptotic RNAs.…”

Section: Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed cell death pathways as targets for developing antifilarial drugs: Lessons from the recent findings

Das,

Chakraborty,

Nandy

et al. 2023

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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More than half a century has passed since the introduction of the National Filariasis Control Program; however, as of 2023, lymphatic filariasis (LF) still prevails globally, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions, posing a substantial challenge to the objective of worldwide elimination. LF is affecting human beings and its economically important livestock leading to a crucial contributor to morbidities and disabilities. The current scenario has been blowing up alarms of attention to develop potent therapeutics and strategies having efficiency against the adult stage of filarial nematodes. In this context, the exploration of a suitable drug target that ensures lethality to macro and microfilariae is now our first goal to achieve. Apoptosis has been the potential target across all three stages of filarial nematodes viz. oocytes, microfilariae (mf) and adults resulting in filarial death after receiving the signal from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and executed through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Hence, it is considered a leading target for developing antifilarial drugs. Herein, we have shown the efficacy of several natural and synthetic compounds/nanoformulations in triggering the apoptotic death of filarial parasites with little or no toxicity to the host body system.

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“…There are 43 species of Setaria reported worldwide, so accurate identification of the parasite with simple morphological features is insufficient (Wijesundera 2001). Therefore, molecular techniques, sequence data, and phylogenetic analysis will help in the confirmation of the parasite at the species level and also help in understanding the evolutionary pattern, relationship of species, and parasite biology (Senanayake et al 2020). Tamilmahan et al (2013) reported an incidence of 57.02% of equine ocular setariasis between 2002-2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of molecular confirmation and phylogenetic analysis of ocular seteriasis in buffalo in India using 12S rRNA

Anandu,

Chaithra,

Manjusha

et al. 2023

J. Helminthol.

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An adult Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) presented with corneal opacity, irritation, and excessive lacrimation from the left eye in the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic-Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (RVC-TVCC), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar. Clinical examination revealed a whitish thread-like worm in the left eye’s anterior chamber. The worm was surgically removed from the eye with supportive nerve blocks. Light microscopy was used for parasite morphological identification, which provided insight into the worm as female Setaria sp. Genomic DNA was isolated, and polymerase chain reaction amplification of 12S rRNA was conducted for molecular confirmation of the parasite. The amplicon was sequenced and analysed by bioinformatics software. Sequence data showed an amplicon size of 243 bp. Phylogenetic analysis with reference data from the NCBI Genbank database revealed the worm was S. digitata, with a similarity of 99.17%. The common predilection site of S. digitata is in the peritoneal cavity of natural hosts like cattle and buffalo and is mostly non-pathogenic. The aberrant migration of the parasite larva to the brain and eye commonly occurs in goats, sheep, and horses, causing clinical conditions like cerebrospinal nematodiasis (lumbar paralysis) and ocular setariasis, respectively. Nevertheless, until now, there have been no reports of ocular setariasis in buffalo. This report is the first unusual occurrence of ocular setariasis in buffalo and its molecular confirmation and phylogenetic analysis using 12S rRNA.

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The Genome of Setaria digitata: A Cattle Nematode Closely Related to Human Filarial Parasites

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Construction of Metabolic Pathways based on Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Laterally- Transferred Wolbachia-like Sequences in the Setaria Digitata Genome

Construction of Metabolic Pathways based on Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Laterally- Transferred Wolbachia-like Sequences in the Setaria Digitata Genome

Programmed cell death pathways as targets for developing antifilarial drugs: Lessons from the recent findings

First report of molecular confirmation and phylogenetic analysis of ocular seteriasis in buffalo in India using 12S rRNA

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