The genome of the cotton bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1

Showmaker, Kurt C.; Arick, Mark A.; Hsu, Chuan-Yu; Martin, Brigitte E.; Wang, Xiaoqiang; Jia, Jiayuan; Wubben, Martin J.; Nichols, Robert L.; Allen, Tom; Peterson, Daniel G.; Lu, Shi‐En

doi:10.1186/s40793-017-0253-3

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Furthermore, RVDs based analysis showed that the six TALEs in Xss-V 2 -18 were identical or nearly identical to plasmid-borne TALEs in Xcm MSCT1, MS14003, H1005 and AR81009 which suggests that these genes may have been horizontally transferred [67,73,74]. The number and location of tal genes varied in the six Xcm strains; MSCT1 possess eight (seven plasmid-borne) [59], XcmH1005 has 12 (six plasmid-and six chromosomallyencoded) [27], XcmN1003 has nine (four plasmidencoded) [27], MS14003 has 8 (7 plasmid-encoded) [46], AR81009 has 12 (six plasmid-encode) [46] and Xss-V 2 -18 has six plasmid-encoded tal genes (Figs. 1, 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…manihotis, which were identified on plasmids pXAC66, pXcB and pXam46, respectively [67][68][69]. Feyter and Gabriel [28] and Showmaker et al [59] reported the existence of plasmid-borne tal genes in Xcm strains XcmH and MSCT1, respectively. A draft genome sequence of the Xanthomonas translucens pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better understand the features of Xss-V 2 -18 TALEs, we compared them with TALEs in Xcm strains MSCT1, H1005, N1003, MS14003 and AR81009 [27,46,59]. Phylogenetic tree of TALEs from Xcm strains were constructed by aligning TALE-CRR with DisTAL v1.1.…”

Section: Tales Of Xss-v 2 -18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number and diversity of tal effector genes varies among different species, pathovars and strains of Xanthomonas. For example, Xoo strains harbor [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] TALEs [49][50][51][52][53], Xoc strains contain 19-28 [49,54,55], Xtt strains contains 5-12 [56], Xtu strains contains 7-8 [56][57][58] and Xcm strains harbor 8-12 genes encoding tal effectors [27,46,59]. Some Xanthomonas spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

et al. 2020

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Background: Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), encoded by tal-genes, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads. Characterized strains of cotton pathogenic Xcm harbor 8-12 different tal genes and only one of them is functionally decoded. Further identification of novel tal genes in Xcm strains with virulence contributions are prerequisite to decipher the Xcm-cotton interactions. Results: In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xss-V 2 -18, a highly-virulent strain of Xcm from China, and assessed their role in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V 2 -18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning BamHI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region (CRR) of each tal gene. Xcm TALome evolutionary relationship based on TALEs CRR revealed relatedness of Xss-V 2 -18 to MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. However, Tal2 of Xss-V 2 -18 differs at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, inferred functional dissimilarity. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta. Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2. One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans, the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta, thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. Conclusions:Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm strain Xss-V 2 -18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tales Of Xss-v 2 -18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

et al. 2020

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“…manihotis, which were identified on plasmids pXAC66, pXcB and pXam46, respectively[62][63][64]. In Xcm, R De Feyter and DWGabriel [27] and KC Showmaker, MA Arick, C-Y Hsu, BE Martin, X Wang, J Jia, MJ Wubben, RL Nichols, TW Allen and DG Peterson[56] reported the existence of plasmid-borne tal genes in strains XcmH and MSCT1.The presence of highly repetitive sequences in tal genes complicates efforts to obtain their nucleotide sequence; therefore, we used a Tn5 insertion method as a sequencing strategy. Normally the number of repeats in tal genes varies between 1.5 and 33.5, and each repeat encodes 33-34 amino acids that vary only at positions 12 and 13 (RVDs) [30].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tal2 is a major virulence factor in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Xss-V2-18

Haq

Shah

Xie

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is incited by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like (tal) effectors (TALEs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads; however, TALEs have not been well-investigated in the Xcm – cotton interaction.Results In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xcm Xss-V2-18, a highly-virulent strain from China, and assessed their roles in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V2-18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning BamHI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region of each tal gene. Phylogenetically the TALEs in Xss-V2-18 show close similarity to the TALEs in Xcm strains MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. Tal2 in Xss-V2-18 differs from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) indicates that they are functionally different. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V2-18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta. Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2. One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans, the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta, thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V2-18.Conclusions Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm Xss-V2-18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.

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Return of old foes — recurrence of bacterial blight and Fusarium wilt of cotton

Cox

Babilonia

Wheeler

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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The genome of the cotton bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1

Cited by 12 publications

References 85 publications

Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

Tal2 is a major virulence factor in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Xss-V2-18

Return of old foes — recurrence of bacterial blight and Fusarium wilt of cotton

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