The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum

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doi:10.1038/nature06784

Cited by 1,249 publications

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“…Few P450 orthologs are identifiable in insect genomes of species 250 million years diverged (5,29,(64)(65)(66). We undertook a systematic approach to studying this gene family in the model organism D. melanogaster, characterizing expression patterns in embryos and larvae, and investigating function with an RNAi screen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster cytochrome P450 genes

Chung

Sztal

Pasricha

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

235

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Cytochrome P450s form a large and diverse family of hemecontaining proteins capable of carrying out many different enzymatic reactions. In both mammals and plants, some P450s are known to carry out reactions essential for processes such as hormone synthesis, while other P450s are involved in the detoxification of environmental compounds. In general, functions of insect P450s are less well understood. We characterized Drosophila melanogaster P450 expression patterns in embryos and 2 stages of third instar larvae. We identified numerous P450s expressed in the fat body, Malpighian (renal) tubules, and in distinct regions of the midgut, consistent with hypothesized roles in detoxification processes, and other P450s expressed in organs such as the gonads, corpora allata, oenocytes, hindgut, and brain. Combining expression pattern data with an RNA interference lethality screen of individual P450s, we identify candidate P450s essential for developmental processes and distinguish them from P450s with potential functions in detoxification.detoxification genes ͉ in situ hybridization ͉ insecticide resistance ͉ multigene family ͉ RNAi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster cytochrome P450 genes

Chung

Sztal

Pasricha

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

235

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“…The predicted proteomes in the DBM genome and those from the genomes of 11 insect species 13,14,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] and 1 Arachnida outgroup species 72 were used in BLAST (1 × 10 −7 ). The fragmental alignments of HSPs were joined using Solar 36 .…”

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confidence: 99%

A heterozygous moth genome provides insights into herbivory and detoxification

et al. 2013

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l e t t e r sHow an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore is of profound biological and practical importance. Herbivores are often adapted to feed on a specific group of evolutionarily and biochemically related host plants 1 , but the genetic and molecular bases for adaptation to plant defense compounds remain poorly understood 2 . We report the first whole-genome sequence of a basal lepidopteran species, Plutella xylostella, which contains 18,071 protein-coding and 1,412 unique genes with an expansion of gene families associated with perception and the detoxification of plant defense compounds. A recent expansion of retrotransposons near detoxification-related genes and a wider system used in the metabolism of plant defense compounds are shown to also be involved in the development of insecticide resistance. This work shows the genetic and molecular bases for the evolutionary success of this worldwide herbivore and offers wider insights into insect adaptation to plant feeding, as well as opening avenues for more sustainable pest management.The global pest P. xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) is thought to have coevolved with the crucifer plant family 3 ( Supplementary Fig. 1) and has become the most destructive pest of economically important food crops, including rapeseed, cauliflower and cabbage 4 . Recently, the total cost of damage and management worldwide was estimated at $4-5 billion per annum 5,6 . This insect is the first species to have evolved resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the 1950s 7 and to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in the 1990s 8 and has developed resistance to all classes of insecticide, making it increasingly difficult to control 9,10 . P. xylostella provides an exceptional system for understanding the genetic and molecular bases of how insect herbivores cope with the broad range of plant defenses and chemicals encountered in the environment (Supplementary Fig. 2).We used a P. xylostella strain (Fuzhou-S) collected from a field in Fuzhou in southeastern China (26.08 °N, 119.28 °E) for sequencing ( Supplementary Fig. 1). Whole-genome shotgun-based Illumina sequencing of single individuals (Supplementary Table 1), even after ten generations of laboratory inbreeding, resulted in a poor initial assembly (N50 = 2.4 kb, representing the size above which 50% of the total length of the sequences is included), owing to high levels of heterozygosity ( Supplementary Figs. 3 and 4 and Supplementary Table 2). Subsequently, we sequenced 100,800 fosmid clones (comprising ~10× the genome length) to a depth of 200× ( Supplementary Fig. 5 and Supplementary Tables 3-5), assembling the resulting sequence data into 1,819 scaffolds, with an N50 of 737 kb, spanning ~394 Mb of the genome sequence (version 1; Supplementary Fig. 6 and Supplementary Table 6). The assembly covered 85.5% of a set of protein-coding ESTs (Supplementary Tables 7 and 8) generated by transcriptome sequencing 11 . Alignment of a subject scaffold against a 126-kb BAC (GenBank GU058050) from an altern...

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“…castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults were obtained from a laboratory population held at the Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, maintained on a wheat flour diet (Ó Ceallacháin and Ryan, 1977) and kept in a dark chamber with controlled temperature (28°C) and humidity (70%). T. castaneum is a cosmopolitan pest that feeds mostly on stored flour and other milled cereal products (Sokoloff, 1972) and has been used as a model organism in chemical ecology and genetics (Alonso-Amelot et al, 1994;Gonçalves et al, 2007;Lord, 2010;Richards et al, 2008;Sheribha et al, 2010). This is a well-characterized insect, easy to handle and maintain in the laboratory, suitable for both choice and non-choice experiments (Gonçalves et al, 2007).…”

Section: Plant and Animal Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ni hyperaccumulator and a congeneric non-accumulator reveal equally effective defenses against herbivory

Boas

Gonçalves

Portugal

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• The defense hypothesis of Ni hyperaccumulation was tested in Alyssum pintodasilvae.• We compared the effects of A. pintodasilvae and A. simplex on Tribolium castaneum.• No-choice and choice tests were performed using diet disks amended with leaves.• Both high-Ni and low-Ni plants caused significant antifeedant effects on Tribolium.a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The defense hypothesis is commonly used to explain the adaptive role of metal hyperaccumulation. We tested this hypothesis using two Brassicaceae congeneric species: Alyssum pintodasilvae, a Ni hyperaccumulator, and the non-accumulator Alyssum simplex both growing on serpentine soils in Portugal. Artificial diet disks amended with powdered leaves from each plant species were used to compare the performance (mortality, biomass change) and feeding behavior of Tribolium castaneum in no-choice and choice tests. The performance of T. castaneum was not affected at several concentrations of A. pintodasilvae or A. simplex in no-choice tests. However, the consumption of plant-amended disks was significantly lower than that of control disks, irrespectively of the species fed. Accordingly, when insects were given an alternative food choice, disks of both plant species were significantly less consumed than control disks. Moreover, insects did not discriminate between disks in the combination "A. pintodasilvae + A. simplex". Contrary to our expectations, these results suggest that both plant species have equally effective defenses against herbivory. While Ni is believed to be part of the deterrence mechanism in the hyperaccumulator A. pintodasilvae, it seems likely that organic compounds, possibly glucosinolates, play an important role in the defense of A. simplex or in both species.

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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum

Cited by 1,249 publications

References 45 publications

Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster cytochrome P450 genes

Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster cytochrome P450 genes

A heterozygous moth genome provides insights into herbivory and detoxification

A Ni hyperaccumulator and a congeneric non-accumulator reveal equally effective defenses against herbivory

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