The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica

Loftus, Brendan J.; Anderson, Iain; Davies, Rob; Alsmark, U. Cecilia M.; Samuelson, John; Amedeo, Paolo; Roncaglia, Paola; Berriman, Matt; Hirt, Robert P.; Mann, Barbara J.; Nozaki, Tomo; Suh, Bernard; Pop, Mihai; Duchêne, Michael; Ackers, J. P.; Tannich, Egbert; Leippe, Matthias; Hofer, Margit; Bruchhaus, Iris; Willhoeft, Ute; Bhattacharya, Alok; Chillingworth, Tracey; Churcher, Carol; Hance, Zahra; Harris, Barbara; Harris, David; Jagels, Kay; Moule, Sharon; Mungall, Karen; Ormond, Doug; Squares, Rob; Whitehead, Sally; Quail, Michael A.; Rabbinowitsch, Ester; Norbertczak, Halina; Price, Claire; Wang, Zheng; Guillén, Nancy; Gilchrist, Carol A.; Stroup, Suzanne; Bhattacharya, Sudha; Lohia, Anuradha; Foster, Peter G.; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Weber, Christian; Singh, Upinder; Mukherjee, Chandrama; El-Sayed, Najib M.; Petri, William A.; Clark, C. Graham; Embley, T. Martin; Barrell, Bart; Fraser, Claire M.; Hall, Neil

doi:10.1038/nature03291

Cited by 766 publications

(742 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ultimately, 12.5-fold coverage of the nearly 24-Mb genome was achieved, with identification of 9938 predicted genes, each averaging 1.7 kb in size, comprising ~49% of the genome [2]. Originally, introns were thought to be rare in E. histolytica genes, but they are contained within 25% of the putative genes of this parasite.…”

Section: Repetition and Redundancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost 10% of the sequence reads consisted of tandem arrays of one of 25 different types of repeating tRNA unit, containing between one and five tRNA types per unit. Because all but four of the tRNAs required for translation were found exclusively within these arrays, they must be functional [2]. Redundancy also characterizes many of the genes encoding suspected or proven E. histolytica virulence factors.…”

Section: Repetition and Redundancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Redundancy also characterizes many of the genes encoding suspected or proven E. histolytica virulence factors. New cysteine proteinase genes were identified (there are now at least 20), some of which contain putative transmembrane domains -which are lacking in the cathepsins of higher eukaryotes [2,3]. Three new amebapore genes were identified (bringing the total to six) and 30 homologs of a gene encoding the intermediate subunit of an E. histolytica surface lectin were identified.…”

Section: Repetition and Redundancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although signaling in E. histolytica through G-proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinases has been described [4,5], the genome project has delineated an entirely new repertoire of potential signal-transduction pathways [2,6]. All of the major families contained within the eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily are represented within the E. histolytica genome, including tyrosine kinases with Src homology (SH)2 domains, tyrosinekinase-like protein kinases and putative receptor serine/threonine kinases.…”

Section: Something Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the major families contained within the eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily are represented within the E. histolytica genome, including tyrosine kinases with Src homology (SH)2 domains, tyrosinekinase-like protein kinases and putative receptor serine/threonine kinases. The serine/threonine receptor kinases fall into three families, two of which are characterized by extracellular domains with CXXC or CXC repeats [2,6]. Interestingly, CXXC repeats are found in the highly abundant variant surface antigens of the intestinal protozoan Giardia lamblia, where they have been linked to the conferral of parasite resistance to host intestinal proteases [7].…”

Section: Something Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Entamoeba histolytica genome: something old, something new, something borrowed and sex too?

Stanley¹

2005

Trends in Parasitology

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An ancient and potent pathogenEntamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite of humans that causes amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess: diseases associated with significant levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. The organism has a simple life cycle, existing as either the motile trophozoite or the infectious, hardy cyst form. Trophozoites of E. histolytica reside within the anaerobic confines of the human colon, lack mitochondria, derive energy from fermentation and reproduce by binary fission. E. histolytica trophozoites can be potent pathogens, possessing an armamentarium that includes a galactose-N-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectin that mediates adherence to host cells, pore-forming proteins (amebapores) that can lyse bacteria or eukaryotic cells, cysteine proteinases that can cleave extracellular-matrix proteins and facilitate invasion into the colonic mucosa, and impressive phagocytic capabilities [1]. During the past three decades, the tools of molecular biology have greatly increased the understanding of E. histolytica pathogenesis. The recent publication of the E. histolytica genome by Loftus et al.[2] provides remarkable new insights into the biology of E. histolytica, helps understanding of the requirements for intestinal parasitism and sets the stage for a new, far more detailed understanding of this important pathogen.

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Section: Repetition and Redundancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Repetition and Redundancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Repetition and Redundancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Something Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Something Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Entamoeba histolytica genome: something old, something new, something borrowed and sex too?

Stanley¹

2005

Trends in Parasitology

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Proliferating cell nuclear antigen restores the enzymatic activity of a DNA ligase I deficient in DNA binding

Trasviña-Arenas¹,

Cardona-Félix²,

Azuara-Licéaga

et al. 2017

FEBS Open Bio

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Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) coordinates multienzymatic reactions by interacting with a variety of protein partners. Family I DNA ligases are multidomain proteins involved in sealing of DNA nicks during Okazaki fragment maturation and DNA repair. The interaction of DNA ligases with the interdomain connector loop (IDCL) of PCNA through its PCNA‐interacting peptide (PIP box) is well studied but the role of the interacting surface between both proteins is not well characterized. In this work, we used a minimal DNA ligase I and two N‐terminal deletions to establish that DNA binding and nick‐sealing stimulation of DNA ligase I by PCNA are not solely dependent on the PIP box–IDCL interaction. We found that a truncated DNA ligase I with a deleted PIP box is stimulated by PCNA. Furthermore, the activity of a DNA ligase defective in DNA binding is rescued upon PCNA addition. As the rate constants for single‐turnover ligation for the full‐length and truncated DNA ligases are not affected by PCNA, our data suggest that PCNA stimulation is achieved by increasing the affinity for nicked DNA substrate and not by increasing catalytic efficiency. Surprisingly C‐terminal mutants of PCNA are not able to stimulate nick‐sealing activity of Entamoeba histolytica DNA ligase I. Our data support the notion that the C‐terminal region of PCNA may be involved in promoting an allosteric transition in E. histolytica DNA ligase I from a spread‐shaped to a ring‐shaped structure. This study suggests that the ring‐shaped PCNA is a binding platform able to stabilize coevolved protein–protein interactions, in this case an interaction with DNA ligase I.

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Unraveling the relevance of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in Entamoeba histolytica through proteomic analysis

et al. 2021

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We recently reported that silencing of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan which causes human amoebiasis, affects trophozoite proliferation, death, and virulence, suggesting that EhCFIm25 may have potential as a new biochemical target. Here, we performed a shotgun proteomic analysis to identify modulated proteins that could explain this phenotype. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027784. Our results revealed changes in the abundance of 75 proteins. Interestingly, STRING analysis, functional GO-term annotations, KEGG analyses and literature review showed that modulated proteins are mainly related to glycolysis and carbon metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics and parasite virulence, as well as gene expression and protein modifications. Further studies are needed to confirm the hypotheses emerging from this proteomic analysis, to thereby acquire a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms involved.

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The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica

Cited by 766 publications

References 32 publications

The Entamoeba histolytica genome: something old, something new, something borrowed and sex too?

The Entamoeba histolytica genome: something old, something new, something borrowed and sex too?

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen restores the enzymatic activity of a DNA ligase I deficient in DNA binding

Unraveling the relevance of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in Entamoeba histolytica through proteomic analysis

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