The genome sequence of<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>type C neurotoxin-converting phage and the molecular mechanisms of unstable lysogeny

Sakaguchi, Yoshihiko; Hayashi, Tetsuya; Kurokawa, Ken; Nakayama, Keisuke; Oshima, Koichiro; Fujinaga, Yukako; Ohnishi, Makoto; Ohtsubo, Eiichi; Hattori, Masahira; Oguma, Keiji

doi:10.1073/pnas.0505503102

Cited by 140 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It has been suggested to influence phage survival (Ripp and Miller, 1997), phage-dependent bacterial mortality (Ripp and Miller, 1998) and the virulence of certain bacterial strains (Sakaguchi et al, 2005). Although it has been observed that P. acnes phages can adopt pseudolysogeny (Lood and Collin, 2011), for the first time we revealed that this behavior is largely dependent on the lineages of the host strains and is not a property of the phages.…”

Section: Phage Strainsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The diversity and host interactions of Propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages on human skin

et al. 2015

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The viral population, including bacteriophages, is an important component of the human microbiota, yet is poorly understood. We aim to determine whether bacteriophages modulate the composition of the bacterial populations, thus potentially playing a role in health or disease. We investigated the diversity and host interactions of the bacteriophages of Propionibacterium acnes, a major human skin commensal implicated in acne pathogenesis. By sequencing 48 P. acnes phages isolated from acne patients and healthy individuals and by analyzing the P. acnes phage populations in healthy skin metagenomes, we revealed that P. acnes phage populations in the skin microbial community are often dominated by one strain. We also found phage strains shared among both related and unrelated individuals, suggesting that a pool of common phages exists in the human population and that transmission of phages may occur between individuals. To better understand the bacterium-phage interactions in the skin microbiota, we determined the outcomes of 74 genetically defined Propionibacterium strains challenged by 15 sequenced phages. Depending on the Propionibacterium lineage, phage infection can result in lysis, pseudolysogeny, or resistance. In type II P. acnes strains, we found that encoding matching clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat spacers is insufficient to confer phage resistance. Overall, our findings suggest that the prey-predator relationship between bacteria and phages may have a role in modulating the composition of the microbiota. Our study also suggests that the microbiome structure of an individual may be an important factor in the design of phage-based therapy.

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Section: Phage Strainsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The diversity and host interactions of Propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages on human skin

et al. 2015

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“…C3bot2, an isoform of the C3 transferase with an identity of ∼65% was identified at nearly the same time (Nemoto et al 1991). Together with botulinum neurotoxin C1 or D, C3 transferase (e.g., C3bot1) from Clostridium botulinum (e.g., strain C-468) is phage-encoded (Popoff et al 1990;Sakaguchi et al 2005). A second clostridial C3-like exoenzyme was found in Clostridium limosum some years later (Just et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C3 exoenzymes, novel insights into structure and action of Rho-ADP-ribosylating toxins

Vogelsgesang

Pautsch

Aktories

2006

Naunyn-Schmied Arch Pharmacol

102

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The family of C3-like exoenzymes comprises seven bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases of different origin. The common hallmark of these exoenzymes is the selective N-ADP-ribosylation of the low molecular mass GTPbinding proteins RhoA, B, and C and inhibition of signal pathways controlled by Rho GTPases. Therefore, C3-like exoenzymes were applied as pharmacological tools for analyses of cellular functions of Rho protein in numerous studies. Recent structural and functional analyses of C3-like exoenzymes provide detailed information on the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by these toxins. More recently additional non-enzymatic actions of C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferases have been identified showing that C3 transferases from Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium limosum form a GDI-like complex with the Ras-like low molecular mass GTPase Ral without ADP-ribosylation. These results add novel information on the molecular mode of action(s) of C3-like exoenzymes and are discussed in this review.

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“…Molecular and genomic analysis of the bacteriophage genome revealed that this phage exists as a circular plasmid prophage in the lysogenic state, and it does not integrate into the host chromosome. 21 The sensitivity to BoNTs seems to be widely variable among the different animal species. Cattle botulism is most frequently caused by type D or D/C toxin, followed by type C toxin, although type A, B, and C/D toxin types have also been reported.…”

Section: Bont-producing Clostridia and Their Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Animal Botulism Outbreaks: From Clinical Suspicion to Practical Countermeasures to Prevent or Minimize Outbreaks

Anniballi

Fiore

Löfström

et al. 2013

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, an

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The genome sequence ofClostridium botulinumtype C neurotoxin-converting phage and the molecular mechanisms of unstable lysogeny

Abstract: bacteriophage ͉ botulinum neurotoxin ͉ insertion sequence ͉ plasmid prophage

Cited by 140 publications

References 43 publications

The diversity and host interactions of Propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages on human skin

The diversity and host interactions of Propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages on human skin

C3 exoenzymes, novel insights into structure and action of Rho-ADP-ribosylating toxins

Management of Animal Botulism Outbreaks: From Clinical Suspicion to Practical Countermeasures to Prevent or Minimize Outbreaks

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