The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Nelumbinis semen on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV-2 Microglial Cells

Sohn, Sung Hwa; Chung, Hwan Suck; Ko, Eunjung; Jeong, Hyuk Joon; Kim, Sung Hoon; Jeong, Junhui; Kim, Yangseok; Shin, Monica; Hong, Min; Bae, Hyunsu

doi:10.1248/bpb.32.1012

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In our case, BV2 cells were cultured under conditions expected to promote a resting state. We can confirm that as reported in the literature BV2 cells express Adora3 [59], Cnr2 [33,58], Mtnr1a [60], Galr2 [61], Ccr5, Cxcr3 [62] and Rgs2, 10, 12 [27,28,63]. We also detected mRNA for receptors that have been reported to be upregulated in response to stimulation such as Ccrl2 [28,64], Ptafr, Ptigr [64] and Rgs7 [65].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Here, too, we identified a few receptors that have been reported present for which we found levels of mRNA below the levels that we defined as statistically significant: Hcrtr1 [66], Gpr55 [58] and the receptor for Cx3cr1 [67]. We did not detect Prokr1 which is upregulated with activation [27], nor for Oprm1, P2ry1 and Gpr149 which are downregulated following activation [27,28]. Several reports have identified the presence of mGluRs in BV2 and primary microglia [21,68,69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Expression of G protein-coupled receptors and related proteins in HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18 cell lines as revealed by microarray analysis

et al. 2011

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BackgroundG protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most widely studied gene superfamilies. Thousands of GPCR research studies have utilized heterologous expression systems such as human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). Though often treated as 'blank slates', these cell lines nevertheless endogenously express GPCRs and related signaling proteins. The outcome of a given GPCR study can be profoundly influenced by this largely unknown complement of receptors and/or signaling proteins. Little easily accessible information exists that describes the expression profiles of the GPCRs in cell lines. What is accessible is often limited in scope - of the hundreds of GPCRs and related proteins, one is unlikely to find information on expression of more than a dozen proteins in a given cell line. Microarray technology has allowed rapid analysis of mRNA levels of thousands of candidate genes, but though often publicly available, the results can be difficult to efficiently access or even to interpret.ResultsTo bridge this gap, we have used microarrays to measure the mRNA levels of a comprehensive profile of non-chemosensory GPCRs and over a hundred GPCR signaling related gene products in four cell lines frequently used for GPCR research: HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18.ConclusionsThis study provides researchers an easily accessible mRNA profile of the endogenous signaling repertoire that these four cell lines possess. This will assist in choosing the most appropriate cell line for studying GPCRs and related signaling proteins. It also provides a better understanding of the potential interactions between GPCRs and those signaling proteins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Expression of G protein-coupled receptors and related proteins in HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18 cell lines as revealed by microarray analysis

et al. 2011

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“…FGF12 gene expression has been shown to be induced in BV2 microglia in response to LPS [51], however no role for it has been described until this study. The main focus of FGF12 studies has been with its genetic alterations and associated epileptic changes through its ability to bind voltage-gated sodium ion channels [52, 53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The FGF/FGFR system in the microglial neuroinflammation with Borrelia burgdorferi: intersectionality with other neurological conditions

Parthasarathy

Pattison

Midkiff

2022

Preprint

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BackgroundLyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations, especially at later stages, can mimic/cause many other neurological conditions including psychiatric disorders, dementia, and others, with a likely neuroinflammatory basis. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis, however, are not fully understood.MethodsIn this study, using cultures of primary rhesus microglia, we explored the roles of several fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in neuroinflammation associated with live B. burgdorferi exposure. FGFR specific siRNA and inhibitors, custom antibody arrays, ELISAs, immunofluorescence and microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze the roles of these molecules in microglial neuroinflammation due to B. burgdorferi.ResultsFGFR1- 3 expressions were upregulated in microglia in response to B. burgdorferi. Inhibition of FGFR 1, 2 and 3 signaling using siRNA and three different inhibitors showed that FGFR signaling is proinflammatory in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. FGFR1 activation also contributed to non-viable B. burgdorferi mediated neuroinflammation. Analysis of the B. burgdorferi conditioned microglial medium by a custom antibody array showed that several FGFs are induced by the live bacterium including FGF6, FGF10 and FGF12, which in turn induce IL-6 and/or IL-8 in a dose dependent manner, indicating a proinflammatory nature. To our knowledge, this is also the first-ever described role for FGF6 and FGF12 in CNS neuroinflammation. FGF23 upregulation, in addition, was observed in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. B. burgdorferi exposure also downregulated many FGFs including FGF 5,7, 9, 11,13, 16, 20 and 21. Some of the upregulated FGFs have been implicated in major depressive disorder or dementia development, while the downregulated ones have been demonstrated to have protective roles in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, blood-brain barrier stability, and others.ConclusionsIn this study we show that FGFRs and FGFs are novel mediators of inflammatory pathogenesis in Lyme neuroborreliosis. It is likely that an unresolved, long-term (neuro)-Lyme infection can contribute to the development of other neurologic conditions in susceptible individuals either by augmenting pathogenic FGFs or by suppressing ameliorative FGFs or both.

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“…RASAL2 mutant mice had a drastic decrease in RASAL2 expression, impaired adipogenesis and lean phenotypes (4). Studies have also reported that RASAL2 may play a role in the isolation of cross-reacting antigen (5), creating a candidate vaccine against ticks (6) and lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of microglial cells (7). In addition, the function of RASAL2 can be regulated by microRNAs such as miR-136 (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RASAL2 Plays Inconsistent Roles in Different Cancers

Zhou¹,

Zhu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2019

Front. Oncol.

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RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) belongs to the RAS GTPase-activating protein family and plays an important role in several cancers, including ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignant astrocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Traditionally, RASAL2 has been regarded as a tumor suppressor but recent studies have found that it is an oncogene in specific types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, liver cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, triple-negative/estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding RASAL2 in cancers, which may be important and useful in clinical practice. We discussed the specific functions and mechanisms of RASAL2 in different kinds of cancer cells (including its inhibition of invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and its opposite effects), which may provide new directions for cancer research and treatments. RASAL2 exhibits different relationship with clinical cancer stage, histological grade, prognosis and overall survival in different kinds of tumor. RASAL2 is a potential prognostic factor and a new therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.

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The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Nelumbinis semen on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV-2 Microglial Cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Expression of G protein-coupled receptors and related proteins in HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18 cell lines as revealed by microarray analysis

Expression of G protein-coupled receptors and related proteins in HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18 cell lines as revealed by microarray analysis

The FGF/FGFR system in the microglial neuroinflammation with Borrelia burgdorferi: intersectionality with other neurological conditions

RASAL2 Plays Inconsistent Roles in Different Cancers

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