The Genomes of Rosaceous Berries and Their Wild Relatives

Abstract

Strawberries (Fragaria sp.) are small perennial plants capable of both sexual reproduction through seeds and clonal reproduction via runners. Because vegetative and generative developmental programs are tightly connected, the control of flowering is presented here in the context of the yearly growth cycle. The rosette crown of strawberry consists of a stem with short internodes produced from the apical meristem. Each node harbors one trifoliate leaf and an axillary bud. The fate of axillary buds is dictated by environmental conditions; high temperatures and long days (LDs) promote axillary bud development into runners, whereas cool temperature and short days (SDs) favor the formation of branch crowns. SDs and cool temperature also promote flowering; under these conditions, the main shoot apical meristem is converted into a terminal inflorescence, and vegetative growth is continued from the uppermost axillary branch crown. The environmental factors that regulate vegetative and generative development in strawberries have been reasonably well characterised, and are reviewed in the first two chapters. The genetic basis of the physiological responses in strawberries is much less clear. To provide a point of reference for the flowering pathways described in strawberries so far, a short review on the molecular mechanisms controlling flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis is given. The last two chapters will then describe the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling the physiological responses in strawberries. 1.1.1 Summer Long days and high temperature during summer promote vegetative development, i.e. the differentiation of axillary buds into runners. Vegetative vigor is also manifested by increased petiole length (Sønsteby and Nes 1998; Heide and Sønsteby 2007). The wild diploid strawberry accessions studied to date stay in the vegetative stage when the daylength exceeds 16-17 hours (Heide and Sønsteby 2007). However, the studied accessions originate from Norway, where the days are very long during summer. It is quite likely that more Southern accessions continue vegetative development under shorter photoperiods.

Target Capture Sequencing Unravels Rubus Evolution

“…The plant genus Rubus (Rosaceae), contains a conservative estimate of more than 500 species (Hytönen et al, 2018) and thousands of cultivars. The annual production of the cultivated brambles (raspberries and blackberries), is economically significant for more than 43 countries (FAO, 2019).…”

“…Subg. Rubus occurs in the Americas and Europe while Idaeobatus is distributed in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia; Malachobatus is Asian (Focke, 1910;Focke, 1911;Focke, 1914;Hytönen et al, 2018). Sections Micranthobatus and Lampobatus were sect.…”

Antocianinas, Propiedades Funcionales Y Potenciales Aplicaciones Terapéuticas

“…Los hallazgos del estudio aportan una base bioquímica y nutricional para el uso de alimentos ricos o adicionados con antocianinas como factor alimenticio funcional. Ésto puede tener implicaciones importantes para prevenir la obesidad y diabetes [10].…”

Smart Strawberry Farming Using Edge Computing and IoT

“…Strawberries are popular fruits consumed in almost all parts of the globe, and this expansion is a result of the fruit adaption capability that makes the cultivation possible in multiple climates. The efforts of producers and scientists also collaborated to expand strawberry production and commercialization, generating adaptive systems that allow the cultivation of fruit to specific conditions of each region [ 1 ]. Furthermore, the production and commercialization of strawberries are present in 76 countries, reaching a global production of 7.7 million tons in 2013.…”

“…One challenge to be faced is producing the fruit in an economical and sustainable way [ 1 ], because conventional cultivation methods apply a considerable quantity of pesticides and agrochemicals to avoid losses by diseases and pests. Nearly half of the world crops are lost due to pest infestation and diseases [ 3 ].…”