The Genomic Impact of European Colonization of the Americas

Ongaro, Linda; Scliar, Marília O.; Flores, Rodrigo; Raveane, Alessandro; Marnetto, Davide; Sarno, Stefania; Gnecchi‐Ruscone, Guido Alberto; Alarcón‐Riquelme, Marta E.; Patin, Étienne; Wangkumhang, Pongsakorn; Hellenthal, Garrett; Gonzalez-Santos, Miguel; King, Roy; Kouvatsi, Anastasia; Balanovsky, Oleg; Balanovska, Elena; Atramentova, L. A.; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Mastana, Sarabjit S.; Marjanović, Damir; Mulahasanovic, Lejla; Leskovac, Andreja; Lima‐Costa, Maria Fernanda; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Barreto, Maurício L.; Horta, Bernardo Lessa; Mabunda, Nédio; May, Celia A.; Moreno‐Estrada, Andrés; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Semino, Ornella; Tambets, Kristiina; Kivisild, Toomas; Luiselli, Donata; Torroni, Antonio; Capelli, Cristian; Tarazona‐Santos, Eduardo; Metspalu, Mait; Pagani, Luca; Montinaro, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.076

Cited by 97 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In the broader Latin American context, Harris et al (2018) inferred that current Peruvian mestizos (who are predominantly Pioneering mitochondrial DNA studies of the first decade of this century showed how African Bantu-associated haplotypes were more frequent in South America than in Central-and North-America (Gonçalves et al, 2008;Hünemeier et al, 2007;Salas et al, 2004). Our current studies with genome-wide data, by continuing to map the roots of the African Diaspora, allow for finer geographic inferences and estimates of genome-wide admixture proportions from the different African regions, adding new layers of knowledge to our understanding of the African Diaspora (Chacón-Duque et al, 2018;Fortes-Lima et al, 2017;Gouveia et al, 2020;Ongaro et al, 2019). (Ribeiro, 1995).…”

Section: New Trendsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Genetic admixture in Brazil

Pena

Santos

Tarazona‐Santos

2020

American J of Med Genetics Pt C

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We review studies from our laboratories using different molecular tools to characterize the Amerindian, European and African ancestry of Brazilians. Initially we used uniparental DNA markers to investigate the contribution of distinct Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages to present-day populations. High levels of genetic admixture and strong directional mating between European males and Amerindian and African females were unraveled. We next analyzed different types of biparental autosomal polymorphisms. Especially useful was a set of 40 insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels) that when studied worldwide proved exquisitely sensitive in discriminating between Amerindians, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. When applied to the study of Brazilians these markers confirmed extensive genomic admixture. We then studied ancestry differences in different regions by statistically controlling them to eliminate color considerations. The European ancestry was predominant in all regions studied, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South. We propose that the immigration of 6 million Europeans to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries is in large part responsible for dissipating previous ancestry dissimilarities that reflected region-specific population histories. Brazilians should be assessed individually, as 210 million human beings, and not as members of specific regions or color groups.

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Section: New Trendsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Genetic admixture in Brazil

Pena

Santos

Tarazona‐Santos

2020

American J of Med Genetics Pt C

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“…Present-day populations living in the Americas trace their ancestry to Indigenous groups, together with influxes from multiple sources from Africa and Eurasia, due to a complex history of admixture following the Atlantic Slave Trade, the Colonial Era, and more recent migration phenomena [1]. In the last decade, a substantial number of genomic surveys of American populations highlighted the extreme heterogeneity in the continents, also reflecting the diverse demographic history of different areas [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Impact of Sex-Biased Genetic Admixture in the Americas through the Analysis of Haplotype Data

Ongaro

Molinaro

Flores

et al. 2021

Genes

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A general imbalance in the proportion of disembarked males and females in the Americas has been documented during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and the Colonial Era and, although less prominent, more recently. This imbalance may have left a signature on the genomes of modern-day populations characterised by high levels of admixture. The analysis of the uniparental systems and the evaluation of continental proportion ratio of autosomal and X chromosomes revealed a general sex imbalance towards males for European and females for African and Indigenous American ancestries. However, the consistency and degree of this imbalance are variable, suggesting that other factors, such as cultural and social practices, may have played a role in shaping it. Moreover, very few investigations have evaluated the sex imbalance using haplotype data, containing more critical information than genotypes. Here, we analysed genome-wide data for more than 5000 admixed American individuals to assess the presence, direction and magnitude of sex-biased admixture in the Americas. For this purpose, we applied two haplotype-based approaches, ELAI and NNLS, and we compared them with a genotype-based method, ADMIXTURE. In doing so, besides a general agreement between methods, we unravelled that the post-colonial admixture dynamics show higher complexity than previously described.

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“…Spanish immigrants moved to this geographic region to establish the first mining towns (Beezley, 2011) and, in the process, contributed their paternal lineages to local Native Mexican communities. The scarcity of female migrants (6%) (Ongaro et al, 2019) further stimulated gene flow between Spanish men and Native Mexican women, reducing the representation of indigenous paternal lineages in these communities but allowing them to maintain their indigenous languages. This admixture process could have occurred primarily in those communities located near the Pachuca-Real del Monte corridor (Saavedra-Silva and Sanchez-Salazar, 2008), and then extended to nearby towns (i.e., Ixmiquilpan).…”

Section: Impact Of European Admixture In Native Mexican Population From Hidalgomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, some Nahua R1b haplotypes showed some genetic dissimilarity from others coming from Spain. These haplotypes could have been brought more recently (during the 19 th century), when mining economic activity was opened to other foreign investment from England, France, Germany, Italy, and North America (Ongaro et al, 2019;Saavedra-Silva and Sanchez-Salazar, 2008).…”

Section: Impact Of European Admixture In Native Mexican Population From Hidalgomentioning

confidence: 99%

Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico

et al. 2021

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Native Mexican populations are crucial for understanding the genetic ancestry of Aztec descendants and coexisting ethnolinguistic groups in the Valley of Mexico and elucidating the population dynamics of the prehistoric colonization of the Americas. Mesoamerican societies were multicultural in nature and also experienced significant admixture during Spanish colonization of the region. Despite these facts, Native Mexican Y chromosome diversity has been greatly understudied. To further elucidate their genetic history, we conducted a high-resolution Y chromosome analysis with Chichimecas, Nahuas, Otomies, Popolocas, Tepehuas, and Totonacas using 19 Y-short tandem repeat and 21 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We detected enormous paternal genetic diversity in these groups, with haplogroups Q-MEH2, Q-M3, Q-Z768, Q-L663, Q-Z780, and Q-PV3 being identified. These data affirmed the southward colonization of the Americas via Beringia and connected Native Mexicans with indigenous populations from South-Central Siberia and Canada. They also suggested that multiple population dispersals gave rise to Y chromosome diversity in these populations.

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The Genomic Impact of European Colonization of the Americas

Cited by 97 publications

References 74 publications

Genetic admixture in Brazil

Genetic admixture in Brazil

Evaluating the Impact of Sex-Biased Genetic Admixture in the Americas through the Analysis of Haplotype Data

Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico

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