The genomic psychiatry cohort: Partners in discovery

Pato, Michele T.; Sobell, Janet L.; Medeiros, Helena; Abbott, Colony; Sklar, Brooke M.; Buckley, Peter F.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Escamilla, Michael; Fanous, Ayman H.; Lehrer, Douglas S.; Macciardi, Fabìo; Malaspina, Dolores; McCarroll, Steven A.; Marder, Stephen R.; Moran, Jennifer L.; Morley, Christopher P.; Nicolini, Humberto; Perkins, Diana O.; Purcell, Shaun; Rapaport, Mark Hyman; Sklar, Pamela; Smoller, Jordan W.; Knowles, James A.; Pato, Carlos N.

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32160

Cited by 69 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, to better understand race differences in psychosis between African American and Caucasian participants, we compared the relative proportion of psychotic symptoms assessed using a standardized semi-structured interview in a sample of over 9,000 people who were diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder. This cohort was ascertained through recruiting centers that targeted multiple sources, often in communities with diverse ethnic populations, including hospitals, outpatient centers, Clubhouse programs, other community programs, and advertisement across several states [Pato et al, 2013].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorder were scored from OPCRIT items using standard algorithms. The instrument is designed for use by trained mental health professionals and, as noted above, algorithm scores show excellent inter-rater reliability with consensus bestestimate diagnoses derived from OPCRIT symptoms [Azevedo et al, 1999;Pato et al, 2013]. This analysis focused on 18 OPCRIT items in the DI-PAD pertaining to psychosis that were assessed in all cases (i.e., without skip-out).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the GPC project have been published in several other reports [Pato et al, 2013;Hartz et al, 2014], including in this volume. Briefly, the Center for Genomic Psychiatry at the University of Southern California is the lead site in a large multi-center collaborative effort involving 12 sites that assessed a large, diverse cohort for genetic research.…”

Section: Sample and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, the Center for Genomic Psychiatry at the University of Southern California is the lead site in a large multi-center collaborative effort involving 12 sites that assessed a large, diverse cohort for genetic research. tions at which health-care services are delivered to people with a history of psychosis, such as hospitals, outpatient centers, Clubhouse programs, and other community programs, as well as through advertisements [Pato et al, 2013]. Eligibility criteria were age 18 or older, capacity to provide written informed consent, no medical cause for the psychosis, and a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder substantiated by a psychiatric provider.…”

Section: Sample and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC; Pato et al, 2013), a large, diverse, multi-site study designed to evaluate genetic influences on psychopathology, is well-suited for exploring race differences in psychosis between African Americans and Caucasians. As part of the standard GPC assessment protocol, cases were interviewed for symptoms of psychosis with the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders (DI-PAD), a semi-structured instrument with excellent inter-interviewer reliability [Azevedo et al, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder: A comparison of African Americans and Caucasians in the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort

Perlman

Kotov

et al. 2015

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Several studies have reported differences between African Americans and Caucasians in relative proportion of psychotic symptoms and disorders, but whether this reflects racial bias in the assessment of psychosis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of psychotic symptoms and potential bias in symptoms assessed via semi-structured interview using a cohort of 3,389 African American and 5,692 Caucasian participants who were diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. In this cohort, the diagnosis of schizophrenia was relatively more common, and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder-bipolar type was less relatively common, among African Americans than Caucasians. With regard to symptoms, relatively more African Americans than Caucasians endorsed hallucinations and delusions symptoms, and this pattern was striking among cases diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizoaffective-bipolar disorder. In contrast, the relative endorsement of psychotic symptoms was more similar among cases diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder-depressed type. Differential item function analysis revealed that African Americans with mild psychosis over-endorsed "hallucinations in any modality" and underendorsed "widespread delusions" relative to Caucasians. Other symptoms did not show evidence of racial bias. Thus, racial bias in assessment of psychotic symptoms does not appear to explain differences in the proportion of symptoms between Caucasians and African Americans. Rather, this may reflect ascertainment bias, perhaps indicative of a disparity in access to services, or differential exposure to risk factors for psychosis by race. Key words: schizophrenia; race; psychosis INTRODUCTIONOver the last 50 years, several studies have reported differences between individuals of African heritage and Caucasians in relative proportion of psychotic symptoms and diagnosis of schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder. Specifically, reports from samples ascertained in clinical settings have suggested that compared to Caucasians, individuals of African heritage have higher rates of schizophrenia [Robins and Regier, 1991;Strakowski et al., 1993Strakowski et al., , 1996Strakowski et al., , 2003Bresnahan et al., 2007;Gara et al., 2012;Kirkbride et al., 2012] 546Neuropsychiatric Genetics severe psychotic symptoms [Mukherjee et al., 1983;Strakowski et al., 2003;Arnold et al., 2004] and less severe negative symptoms [Sharpley et al., 2001]. Other studies of psychotic symptoms have found race differences in the quality and scope of hallucinations and delusions [Barrio et al., 2003;Yamada et al., 2006].To date, the underlying source of these apparent differences is unknown. It has been argued that the difference could reflect clinician or instrument bias [Neighbors et al., 2003;Trierweiler et al., 2006], although differences remained when clinicians were blinded to ethnicity information [Arnold et al., 2004]. On the other hand, race differences may reflect t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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