The genomic structure and the expression profile of the Xenopus laevis transthyretin gene

Ishihara, Akinori; Nishiyama, Norihito; Makita, Yu; Yamauchi, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Transthyretin (TTR) is a major thyroid hormone-binding protein in amphibian tadpoles whose plasma mRNA and protein levels are altered during metamorphosis. TTR transcripts are more abundant in males than females, and TTR is partially regulated by transcription factor FoxA2 in Xenopus laevis [37]. Interestingly, FoxA2 was a female-specific gene in P. yessoensis according to our observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

Zhou

Liu

Dong

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background:The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, is a commercially important bivalve in the coastal countries of Northeast Asia. It has complex modes of sex differentiation, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this sex determination and differentiation is limited. Results:In this study, the gonad tissues from females and males at three developmental stages were used to investigate candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation via RNA-Req. A total of 901,980,606 high quality clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries, of which 417 expressed male-specific genes and 754 expressed female-specific genes. Totally, 10,074 genes differentially expressed in females and males were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that turquoise and green gene modules were significantly positively correlated with male gonads, while coral1 and black modules were significantly associated with female gonads. The most important gene for sex determination and differentiation was Pydmrt1, which was the only gene discovered that determined the male sex phenotype during early gonadal differentiation. Enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that genes involved in metabolism, genetic and environmental information processes or pathways are sex-biased. Forty-nine genes in the five modules involved in sex differentiation or determination were identified and selected to construct a gene co-expression network and a hypothesized sex differentiation pathway. Conclusions: The current study focused on screening genes of sex differentiation in Yesso scallop, highlighting the potential regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in P. yessoensis. Our data suggested that WCGNA can facilitate identification of key genes for sex differentiation and determination. Using this method, a hypothesized P. yessoensis sex determination and differentiation pathway was constructed. In this pathway, Pydmrt1 may have a leading function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

Zhou

Liu

Dong

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Transthyretin (TTR) is a major thyroid hormone-binding protein in amphibian tadpoles whose plasma mRNA and protein levels are altered during metamorphosis. TTR transcripts are more abundant in males than females, and TTR is partially regulated by transcription factor FoxA2 in Xenopus laevis [37] . Interestingly, fox A2 was a female-specific gene in P. yessoensis according to our observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten ( Mizuhopecten ) yessoensis, is a commercially important bivalve in the coastal countries of Northeast Asia. It has complex modes of sex differentiation, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this sex determination and differentiation is limited. Results In this study, the gonad tissues from females and males at three developmental stages were used to investigate candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation via RNA-Req. A total of 901,980,606 high quality clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries, of which 417 expressed male-specific genes and 754 expressed female-specific genes. Totally, 10,074 genes differentially expressed in females and males were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that turquoise and green gene modules were significantly positively correlated with male gonads, while coral1 and black modules were significantly associated with female gonads. The most important gene for sex determination and differentiation was Pydmrt 1 , which was the only gene discovered that determined the male sex phenotype during early gonadal differentiation. Enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that genes involved in metabolism, genetic and environmental information processes or pathways are sex-biased. Forty-nine genes in the five modules involved in sex differentiation or determination were identified and selected to construct a gene co-expression network and a hypothesized sex differentiation pathway. Conclusions The current study focused on screening genes of sex differentiation in Yesso scallop, highlighting the potential regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in P. yessoensis . Our data suggested that WCGNA can facilitate identification of key genes for sex differentiation and determination. Using this method, a hypothesized P. yessoensis sex determination and differentiation pathway was constructed. In this pathway, Pydmrt 1 may have a leading function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6021-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In fish and amphibians, hepatic TTR synthesis is primarily found during early development, metamorphosis and smoltification (salmonids). More recently, sensitive molecular techniques have detected TTR expression in the liver of adult amphibians (Ishihara et al 2012) and fish (Li et al 2011), however, although these levels are still generally much lower than at metamorphic or developmental stages they likely still play a critical role in delivering TH to tissues.…”

Section: The Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (Hpt) Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Data collection in support of the Endocrine Disruption (ED) assessment for non‐target vertebrates

Martin

Ermler

McPhie

et al. 2020

EFS3

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To harmonise vertebrate OECD Test Guidelines for endocrine disruption testing between mammalian and non-mammalian test species, additional Estrogen, Androgen, Thyroid and Steroidogenesis (EATS) modality endpoints in non-mammalian models need to be assessed. These would mean for example the addition of hormonal measurements in fish, birds and amphibians. Furthermore, a better reporting of gross pathology findings for birds would also be considered advantageous for the assessment of endocrine disrupting properties. To facilitate adoption of additional measures, guidance on how to perform, report and evaluate these new endpoints is required. In this report, a variety of methods including a systematic evidence map, an extensive literature review and a survey of ecotoxicology laboratories were adopted to collect data on the topic. The systematic evidence map uncovered a range of methods for measuring sex and thyroid hormones in fish, birds and amphibians, although methods for measuring sex-hormones in fish, were by far, the most frequently encountered in the literature and laboratory survey. However, there are still considerable gaps in knowledge for: optimum sample timing for hormonal measurement (diurnal, developmental stage, etc.), issues with inherent variability, low sample volume (plasma/serum), test species selection, possible impacts of housing/diet/stress. The extensive literature review revealed that although gross pathology and histopathology have been used to investigate the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in birds, there are no standardised methods for assessment or interpretation, although relative weight of endocrine organs is frequently used as a gross pathology metric. Reports of how histopathology was assessed varied considerably. From the survey, few contract laboratories are experienced in conducting the avian test guideline and these types of pathology techniques. Recommendations for future work with non-mammalian taxa include: investigating the optimal time (or timings) for measuring hormones, developing non-invasive hormone measuring techniques, gaining knowledge of baseline/control hormonal data, and further developing guidance on conducting and assessing gross pathology and histopathology in birds.

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The genomic structure and the expression profile of the Xenopus laevis transthyretin gene

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)

Data collection in support of the Endocrine Disruption (ED) assessment for non‐target vertebrates

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