The genotoxicity of caecal water from gilts following experimentally induced Fusarium mycotoxicosis

Nowak, Adriana; Śliżewska, Katarzyna; Gajęcka, Magdalena; Piotrowska, Małgorzata; Żakowska, Z.; Zielonka, Łukasz

doi:10.17221/8058-vetmed

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Zearalenone induces a host of toxic effects in mammals [ 85 , 135 , 136 ], and its role in feces could be an interesting object of scientific inquiry. Feces are a complex mixture of dietary ingredients, therefore, fecal analysis is a non-invasive method for examining the intestinal mucosa, in particular in the distal end of the intestinal tract, which provides valuable information during dietary intervention trials [ 46 , 137 ]. Feces are used as a biomarker for the detection of DNA and the mutagenic activity of cecal contents [ 138 ].…”

Section: Activity Of Zenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal mucosa inhibits the transfer of antigens, including undesirable substances such as ZEN, commensal bacteria and pathogens into deeper tissues [ 141 ]. In a study by Nowak et al [ 46 ], a low dose of ZEN (40 µg/kg BW) administered per os increased the genotoxicity of cecal water in the distal colon in the sixth week of the experiment. The above probably resulted from the accumulation of ZEN in the porcine distal colon (in the intestinal contents and tissues) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Activity Of Zenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interactions between mycotoxins and the interactions between mycotoxins and physiological processes in tissues, cells and the exposed microorganisms also pose a significant problem [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. To date, studies of animals exposed to mycotoxins have examined only the influence of the diet on morphological changes (proliferation, crypt depth, size of villi) and the animals’ health [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of Zearalenone in the Porcine Intestinal Tract

Gajęcka

Zielonka

2016

Molecules

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This study demonstrates that low doses (somewhat above the No Observed Adverse Effect Level, NOAEL) of the mycoestrogen zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites display multispecificity towards various biological targets in gilts. The observed responses in gilts were surprising. The presence of ZEN and zearalenols (ZELs) did not evoke a response in the porcine gastrointestinal tract, which was attributed to dietary tolerance. Lymphocyte proliferation was intensified in jejunal mesenteric lymph nodes, and lymphocyte counts increased in the jejunal epithelium with time of exposure. In the distal digestive tract, fecal bacterial counts decreased, the activity of fecal bacterial enzymes and lactic acid bacteria increased, and cecal water was characterized by higher genotoxicity. The accompanying hyperestrogenism led to changes in mRNA activity of selected enzymes (cytochrome P450, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, nitric oxide synthases) and receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors), and it stimulated post-translational modifications which play an important role in non-genomic mechanisms of signal transmission. Hyperestrogenism influences the regulation of the host’s steroid hormones (estron, estradiol and progesteron), it affects the virulence of bacterial genes encoding bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs), and it participates in detoxification processes by slowing down intestinal activity, provoking energy deficits and promoting antiporter activity at the level of enterocytes. In most cases, hyperestrogenism fulfils all of the above roles. The results of this study indicate that low doses of ZEN alleviate inflammatory processes in the digestive system, in particular in the proximal and distal intestinal tract, and increase body weight gains in gilts.

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Section: Activity Of Zenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activity Of Zenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of Zearalenone in the Porcine Intestinal Tract

Gajęcka

Zielonka

2016

Molecules

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“…The intestinal mucosa prevents antigens, including undesirable substances such as ZEN, commensal bacteria, and pathogens from penetrating deeper tissues [ 32 ]. In a study by Nowak et al [ 33 ], ZEN administered per os at 40 µg/kg BW increased the genotoxicity of caecal water (CW), mainly in the sixth week of the experiment, in the proximal and distal segments of the large intestine. Genotoxicity also increased in the proximal part of the colon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genotoxicity of Caecal Water in Gilts Exposed to Low Doses of Zearalenone

Cieplińska¹,

Gajęcka

Nowak

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Zearalenone is a toxic low-molecular-weight molecule that is naturally produced by moulds on crops as a secondary metabolite. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity of caecal water collected successively from the caecal contents of gilts exposed to low doses (LOAEL, NOAEL, and MABEL) of zearalenone. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg/kg BW, group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2, and 3. Caecal water samples for in vitro analysis were collected from the ileocaecal region. The genotoxicity of caecal water was noted, particularly after date 1 in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15 with a decreasing trend. Electrophoresis revealed the presence of numerous comets without tails in groups C and ZEN5 and fewer comets with clearly expressed tails in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The distribution of LLC-PK1 cells ranged from 15% to 20% in groups C and ZEN5, and from 30% to 60% in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The analysis of caecal water genotoxicity during exposure to very low doses of ZEN revealed the presence of a counter response and a compensatory effect in gilts.

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“…Straw and other crop residues have been used as cushioning materials to improve the lying comfort of cattle. However, the use of straw, saw dust and wood shavings as bedding materials on a solid floor for large numbers of cattle is impractical due to the production of large quantities of urine and the seasonal shortage of bedding materials [4][5]. To reduce the amount of straw required, mattresses and rubber mats have been used as alternative bedding materials for dairy cows in free stalls [6].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surface materials of self-draining beds on cattle behavior in a temperate climate

Liu

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate. Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15) and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials. Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p < 0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p > 0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p < 0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and wood shavings at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

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The genotoxicity of caecal water from gilts following experimentally induced Fusarium mycotoxicosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Activity of Zearalenone in the Porcine Intestinal Tract

Activity of Zearalenone in the Porcine Intestinal Tract

The Genotoxicity of Caecal Water in Gilts Exposed to Low Doses of Zearalenone

Effects of surface materials of self-draining beds on cattle behavior in a temperate climate

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