The Genus Bacillus—Medical

Farrar, W. Edmund; Reboli, Annette C.

doi:10.1007/0-387-30744-3_18

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The ability to hydrolyze starch and lecithin was studied on starch agar (Farrar and Reboli 1991) and B. cereus selective agar base supplemented with Egg Yolk Emulsion (Oxoid), respectively. Hemolysis was studied on blood agar base (Oxoid) supplemented with defibrinated sheep blood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and pathogenic potential of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in a sandy loam

Hendriksen¹,

Hansen²,

Johansen³

2006

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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The major part (94%) of the Bacillus cereus-like isolates from a Danish sandy loam are psychrotolerant Bacillus weihenstephanensis according to their ability to grow at temperatures below 7 degrees C and/or two PCR-based methods, while the remaining 6% are B. cereus. The Bacillus mycoides-like isolates could also be divided into psychrotolerant and mesophilic isolates. The psychrotolerant isolates of B. mycoides could be discriminated from the mesophilic by the two PCR-based methods used to characterize B. weihenstephanensis. It is likely that the mesophilic B. mycoides strains are synonymous with Bacillus pseudomycoides, while psychrotolerant B. weihenstephanensis, like B. mycoides, are B. mycoides senso stricto. B. cereus is known to produce a number of factors, which are involved in its ability to cause gastrointestinal and somatic diseases. All the B. cereus-like and B. mycoides like isolates from the sandy loam were investigated by PCR for the presence of 12 genes encoding toxins. Genes for the enterotoxins (hemolysin BL and nonhemolytic enterotoxin) and the two of the enzymes (cereolysin AB) were present in the major part of the isolates, while genes for phospolipase C and hemolysin III were present in fewer isolates, especially among B. mycoides like isolates. Genes for cytotoxin K and the hemolysin II were only present in isolates affiliated to B. cereus. Most of the mesophilic B. mycoides isolates did not possess the genes for the nonhemolytic enterotoxin and the cereolysin AB. The presence of multiple genes coding for virulence factors in all the isolates from the B. cereus group suggests that all the isolates from the sandy loam are potential pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and pathogenic potential of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in a sandy loam

Hendriksen¹,

Hansen²,

Johansen³

2006

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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“…A clear zone around the growth on the plates flooded with 1 N HCl indicated DNase production. Hemolysis was determined on 5% sheep blood agar plates according to Farrar and Reboli (2006). Slime production was detected with the Congo red agar method according to Freeman et al (1989).…”

Section: Phenotypic Characterization Of Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of Motile Aeromonas spp. from Fish and Ground Beef

Arslan

Küçüksarı

2015

Journal of Food Safety

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Motile Aeromonas spp. were isolated from 49 (44.1%) of 111 meat samples (74 fish and 37 ground beef). In this study, 31 (27.9%) isolates were identified as Aeromonas caviae, nine (8.1%) as A. hydrophila and nine (8.1%) as A. veronii biovar sobria. We detected the phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors. All strains showed lipase activity, 95.9% showed proteinase activity, 95.9% showed DNase activity, 93.9% produced siderophores, 85.7% showed lecithinase activity, 53.1% showed hemolysin activity and 30.6% produced slime. Furthermore, cytotoxic (act, aerA and hlyA) and cytotonic enterotoxin (alt and ast) genes were found in 21 (42.9%) strains. The strains carried at least one enterotoxin gene. Only one strain (A. hydrophila) carried all five genes. The act gene was the most frequently observed gene among all strains (22.4%). In an antimicrobial susceptibility test, 100% of strains were resistant to ampicillin followed by vancomycin (91.8%). Multidrug resistance to at least three or more agents was observed in 66.7% of A. hydrophila, 61.3% of A. caviae and 33.3% of A. veronii biovar sobria strains. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAeromonas spp. are ubiquitous aquatic organisms and are commonly isolated from food and water. They have emerged as an important human pathogen because of diarrhea related to foodborne outbreaks. Furthermore, these opportunistic bacteria have been associated with various human infections, such as peritonitis, endocarditis, septicemia and urinary tract infections. These bacteria are also predominantly pathogenic to aquatic animals, especially fish. This study indicates that the presence of motile Aeromonas spp. with virulence potential in meat may be a threat to public health. Thus, the potential health risk due to the consumption of inadequately cooked fish and ground beef harboring motile Aeromonas species should not be underestimated.

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“…Microbial biomass is the most important parameter used to characterize biological soil processes, because it is 'a primary catalyst of biogeochemical processes as well as an energy and nutrient reservoir' (Kutsch et al, 2010). It has been used, although to a much lesser extent, as a measure for the carbon turnover potential of soils, and as microbes have a high tolerance towards stress conditions (as found in mine impacted soils) they are well equipped to survive and remain active enhancing recovery, unless that is the stress is so great that it is lethal or forces dormancy (Farrar and Reboli, 1999;Suzina et al, 2004). Microbial biomass, while a small portion of SOC, mediates the transfer of SOC among inputs, low fraction organic carbon and organo-mineral high fraction organic carbon.…”

Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil carbon development in rejuvenated Indian coal mine spoil

Tripathi

Singh

Hills

2016

Ecological Engineering

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a b s t r a c tThe impact of mine spoil on the landscape is significant, as excavated rock-debris is commonly disposed in heaps that blanket the original land surface. Spoil heaps destroy the original soil habitat releasing soilbound carbon, which is difficult to re-estate when mining operations cease and restoration begins. The present work follows the development of vegetative cover on a coalmine spoil tip in India over a period of 19 years following restoration. The potential of re-vegetated the mine spoil to imbibe carbon is examined through the development of above-and below-ground biomass development. It was observed that the soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) significantly increased with re-vegetation age, with above ground biomass increasing by 23 times, and belowground biomass increased by 26 times during the period of study. Soil organic carbon and MBC increased by 4× and 6.6× times, respectively. The average calculated annual carbon budget was 8.40 T/ha/year, of which 2.14 T/ha was allocated to above ground biomass, 0.31 T/ha to belowground biomass, 2.88 T/ha to litter mass and 1.35 T/ha was sequestered into the soil. This work has shown that the development of biomass following the restoration of mine spoil was significant and that considerable quantities of carbon were stored in above and below ground plant matter, and in the soil itself. It is concluded that appropriate restoration strategies can be used to rapidly establish a viable, healthy and sustainable ecosystem that imbibes carbon into former mine-impacted land.

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The Genus Bacillus—Medical

Cited by 18 publications

References 138 publications

Occurrence and pathogenic potential of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in a sandy loam

Occurrence and pathogenic potential of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in a sandy loam

Phenotypic and Genotypic Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of Motile Aeromonas spp. from Fish and Ground Beef

Soil carbon development in rejuvenated Indian coal mine spoil

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