The Genus Flavobacterium

Rui-bo

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

et al. 2010

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacterium, strain LQY-7 T , was isolated from activated sludge treating synthetic pyrethroid-manufacturing wastewater. The taxonomic status of the strain was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain LQY-7 T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium but had low similarities with other species of this genus (95.0 % similarity with Flavobacterium indicum GPTSA100-9 T and ,94 % similarities with other Flavobacterium species). On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain LQY-7 T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium haoranii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LQY-7 T (5ACCC 05409 T 5KCTC 23008 T ).The genus Flavobacterium was proposed by Bergey et al. (1923) and emended by Bernardet et al. (1996) to include Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacteria that are usually motile by gliding and have a DNA G+C content of 30-41 mol% (Bernardet & Bowman, 2006;Park et al., 2006). At the time of writing, the genus comprised about 60 recognized species isolated from diverse habitats such as fresh-and salt-water, diseased fish, soil, sediment and micromats.Cypermethrin is one of the most important synthetic pyrethroid pesticides and is widely used to control pests in cotton and vegetable crops. However, cypermethrin affects the central nervous system, causes allergic skin reactions, lymph node and spleen damage, and eye irritation. In addition, cypermethrin is highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms, as well as to bees. It has been classified as 'moderately hazardous' (Class II) by the World Health Organization and considered as a possible human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Microbes play significant roles in degrading and detoxifying cypermethrin residues in the environment (Kaufman et al., 1981;Roberts & Standen, 1981). In this paper, a cypermethrin-degrading bacterial strain, designated LQY-7 T , was isolated from activated sludge in a synthetic pyrethroid-manufacturing wastewater treatment facility (Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Jiangsu Province, China). The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The data obtained suggest that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium.For investigation of morphological features, strain LQY-7 T was cultivated aerobically on trypticase soy agar (TSA; Difco) at 30 u C. Cell morphology and dimensions were examined by light microscopy (BH-2; Olympus) and transmission electron microscopy (H-7650; Hitachi) using cells from an exponentially growing culture. Gram-staining was performed according to the classical Gram procedure (Buck, 1982). Gliding motility, production of flexirubintype pigments and adsorption of Congo red by colonies were investigated by the methods of Bernardet et al. (2002). Growth at various temperatures (4, 10, 15...

Section: International Journal Ofsupporting

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavobacterium haoranii sp. nov., a cypermethrin-degrading bacterium isolated from a wastewater treatment system

Rui-bo

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

et al. 2010

“…Furthermore, species related to Aeromonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, 'Paenibacillaceae', Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae and Actinobacteria have been isolated from the alimentary canals of earthworms (Ihssen et al, 2003;Horn et al, 2005;Byzov et al, 2009;Knapp et al, 2009). These findings show the diverse taxa that might be metabolically active in the earthworm gut, many of which might participate in polymer hydrolysis in situ (MartinCarnahan and Joseph, 2005;Bernadet and Bowman, 2006;Priest, 2009).…”

Section: Fermentative Processes and General Diversity In Gut Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae as active fermenters in earthworm gut content

2010

The earthworm gut provides ideal in situ conditions for ingested heterotrophic soil bacteria capable of anaerobiosis. High amounts of mucus-and plant-derived saccharides such as glucose are abundant in the earthworm alimentary canal, and high concentrations of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and organic acids in the alimentary canal are indicative of ongoing fermentations. Thus, the central objective of this study was to resolve potential links between fermentations and active fermenters in gut content of the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-based stable isotope probing, with [ 13 C]glucose as a model substrate. Glucose consumption in anoxic gut content microcosms was rapid and yielded soluble organic compounds (acetate, butyrate, formate, lactate, propionate, succinate and ethanol) and gases (carbon dioxide and H 2 ), products indicative of diverse fermentations in the alimentary canal. Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were users of glucose-derived carbon. On the basis of the detection of 16S rRNA, active phyla in gut contents included Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia, taxa common to soils. On the basis of a 16S rRNA gene similarity cutoff of 87.5%, 82 families were detected, 17 of which were novel family-level groups. These findings (a) show the large diversity of soil taxa that might be active during gut passage, (b) show that Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (fermentative subsets of these taxa) are selectively stimulated by glucose and might therefore be capable of consuming mucus-and plant-derived saccharides during gut passage and (c) indicate that ingested obligate anaerobes and facultative aerobes from soil can concomitantly metabolize the same source of carbon.

“…The absence of carotenoids was verified by the absence of absorption peaks at 452 and 479 nm in the spectra of the extracts of strain S1-20 T and all three reference strains. The presence or absence of flexirubin-type pigments was determined by flooding bacterial cells on a glass slide with 20 % (w/v) KOH (Bernardet & Bowman, 2006). The absence of a colour change of the yellow cell biomass indicated the absence of flexirubin-type pigments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virgibacillus flavescens sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

Schümann

et al. 2016

A Gram-stain-variable, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strain, designated S1-20 T , was isolated from marine sediment of the Yellow Sea in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S1-20 T was related to the genus Virgibacillus and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Virgibacillus necropolis (98.1 %), Virgibacillus arcticus (97.7 %) and Virgibacillus carmonensis (97.3 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain S1-20 T were anteiso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 . The main menaquinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S1-20 T was 38.3 mol%. The polar lipids profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified phospholipids, one unknown aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain S1-20 T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus flavescens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-20 T (5LMG 28381 T 5DSM 29015 T ).