The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Abstract

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

In vivo characterization of key iridoid biosynthesis pathway genes in catnip (Nepeta cataria)

“…In addition to nepetalactone, Nepeta also produces glycosylated iridoids (Murai et al 1984;Formisano et al 2011;Lichman et al 2020), similar to those reported in other Lamiaceae plants (Venditti et al 2016;Fu et al 2018;Mint Evolutionary Genomics Consortium 2018;Mamadalieva et al 2021). We could identify 1,5,9 epi-deoxyloganic acid in wild type N. cataria by co-elution and comparison of a fragmentation pattern with an authentic standard.…”

Phenolic Profile and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Three Chilean Altiplano Plants: Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae], Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera, and Tagetes multiflora (Kunth) [Asteraceae]

“…Plants growing in the Andean Altiplano are well known for having great natural sources of phytochemical compounds that are present in high concentrations in response to extreme environmental conditions [ 1 ]. Chilean natives have used Altiplano plants as part of their traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses and ailments [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In this sense, native Andean Altiplano medicinal plants represent an underexplored valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological applications [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

“…Chilean natives have used Altiplano plants as part of their traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses and ailments [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In this sense, native Andean Altiplano medicinal plants represent an underexplored valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological applications [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among the medicinal Altiplano plants, members of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families have been thoroughly investigated due to their traditional uses in cooking, as aromatic plants, as well as in traditional medicine [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae

“…Southern Africa is not only known for its high levels of plant diversity (20,401 species) and plant endemism (67%) [ 7 ] but also for its cultural diversity, resulting in a rich ethnobotanical heritage. Many important aromatic, medicinal and ornamental plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicines by indigenous people across the globe [ 8 ]. A bibliography of plants used in traditional medicine in southern Africa [Arnold et al (2002)] included 215 families, equating to 3689 taxa (comprising species, subspecies and varieties) and represents ca.…”