The genus Scaphiostomum Braun, 1901 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae): A systematic review and description of Scaphiostomum palaearcticum n. sp.

Abstract

A systematic review of the genus Scaphiostomum Braun, 1901 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) is presented.

Life cycle of Renylaima capensis, a brachylaimid trematode of shrews and slugs in South Africa: two-host and three-host transmission modalities suggested by epizootiology and DNA sequencing

“…This poses the question whether R. capensis migrates throught the choledoc duct up to the biliary ducts to finally reach both kidneys after crossing the distal parenchyma of the liver lobes. Such hypothesis is supported by the hepatic duct microhabitat of species of another close brachylaimid genus, namely Scaphiostomum [ 36 ], although a more simple migration only including intestinal wall crossing and direct migration through the general body cavity to enter the two kidneys of the shrew by penetrating their surface can a priori not be denied.…”

“…The adult stage of brachylaimids is intestinal, including species which are haematophagous [ 16 ]. Only a very few species present an adult stage infecting other parts of the digestive tract or organs directly related or connected to the digestive tract: Brachylaima oesophagei and B. fulvus in the oesophagus and stomach [ 34 , 35 ], Scaphiostomum species in ducts of liver and pancreas [ 36 ], and Dollfusinus frontalis in nasal and frontal sinuses [ 14 , 37 ]. Exceptions are the lumen of the kidney sac as final microhabitat for Parabrachylaima [ 32 ], and the urinary system for species of Zeylanurotrema [ 29 , 38 ], although a species of the latter, Z. sphenomorphi , has been described from the host’s intestine [ 30 ].…”

The brachylaimidae (Trematoda: Digenea) of Australian native mammals and birds, including descriptions of Dasyurotrema n. g. and four new species of Brachylaima

“…sandarsae is similarly separable from species described from other countries: the combination of small oral sucker close to large ventral sucker, and uterus and vitelline follicles falling well short of the ventral sucker, appear to distinguish it from all existing species. In the extent of the uterus and vitellarium B. sandarsae approaches the genus Scaphiostomum, as reviewed by Mas-Coma, Esteban & Valero (1986), but differs in other features such as body shape and size of the suckers.…”

Dicrocœliose pancréatique des Goélands leucophées en Corse. Données nouvelles surBrachylecithum microtesticulatum(Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) parasite deLarus cachinnans michaellis

“…Les Dicrocoeliidés adultes se répartissent en effet dans des microhabitats rigoureusement bien définis. Une telle sténotopie oppose les Dicrocoeliidés aux Brachylaimidés extra-intestinaux comme par exemple les espèces du genre Scaphiostomum Braun, 1901, que l'on rencontre simultanément dans le foie et le pancréas d'un même individu-hôte (Mas-Coma, Esteban et Valero, 1986). l'augmentation de ce nombre chez les parasites de Corse laisserait supposer l'exis tence sur cette île, d'un phénomène de divergence dans la souche (sous-spéciation ?)…”