The Geochemical Characteristics of the Oligocene – Lower Miocene Menilite Formation in the Polish and Ukrainian Outer Carpathians: A Review

Kosakowski, Paweł; Koltun, Yuriy V.; Machowski, Grzegorz; Poprawa, Paweł; Papiernik, Bartosz

doi:10.1111/jpg.12705

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…(Summary after ten Haven et al, 1993;Lafargue et al, 1994;Kotarba and Koltun, 2006;Matyasik and Dziadzio, 2006;Oszczypko et al, 2006;Pawlewicz, 2006;Slaczka et al, 2006;Krobicki et al, 2012;Kotarba et al, 2013;Slaczka et al, 2014;Krzywiec et al, 2014;Machowski et al, 2017;Waskowska et al,2018;Kosakowski et al,2018 this issue)…”

Section: North Carp Pa Pa P Thian Fold-thrust Province Thian Fold-thrunclassified

Petroleum Provinces of the Paratethyan Region

Boote¹,

Sachsenhofer

Tari

et al. 2018

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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Initial crustal collision between Africa and Eurasia in the middle Eocene – early Oligocene enclosed a semi‐restricted Paratethyan seaway of linked basins and platforms across a region stretching from the Eastern Alps to the South Caspian Sea. As the African Plate continued to advance north during the later Neogene, the seaway shrank into a series of more isolated basins separated by the rising Alpine – Carpathian – Caucasus fold‐thrust belts. Organic‐rich oil‐prone Paratethyan source rocks of middle Eocene (Kuma Formation and equivalents) and Oligocene – early Miocene (Maikop and Menilite Beds) ages, and more gas‐prone post‐orogenic mid‐upper Miocene shales, subsequently charged over 2500 accumulations across the region with combined recoverable reserves of 95 billion brl oil‐equivalent (B boe). These accumulations are clustered in discrete petroleum provinces, each with a distinct tectono‐stratigraphic architecture and comprised of one or more petroleum systems. The provinces can be grouped into five broad categories: Average Reserves Average Field Sizes Fold‐thrust Provinces60,980 MMboe2–590 MMboeSub‐thrust Provinces255 MMboe3.4 MMboeForeland Provinces18,671 MMboe2–77 MMboeIntermontane Provinces13,122 MMboe1–40 MMboeBlack Sea back‐arc Province> 1391 MMboe>33 MMboe The productivity of each province (estimated very approximately from the number of barrels oil equivalent / square kilometre) is extremely variable, and its relationship with the geological factors controlling hydrocarbon entrapment and retention is complex. The most critical of these factors appears to be the quality and distribution of source rocks and post‐charge structural modification.

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Section: North Carp Pa Pa P Thian Fold-thrust Province Thian Fold-thrunclassified

Petroleum Provinces of the Paratethyan Region

Boote¹,

Sachsenhofer

Tari

et al. 2018

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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“…The SPI of the Lower Oligocene Lower Menilite succession is higher (16 tHC/m²) than that Boote et al, 2018) are concentrated in the Boryslav-Pokuttya nappe of Ukraine, where the Upper Menilite Member has a similar thickness to that in the external part of the Skyba nappe (e.g. Vialov et al, 1988;Kosakowski et al, 2018). It can therefore be proposed that the prolific nature of the Boryslav-Pokuttya petroleum system is mainly related to the large thickness of the Menilite Formation, the exceptional high SPI in this region, and the occurrence of these source rocks within the oil window.…”

Section: Source Rock Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petroleum production began in 1854 with the discovery of the Boryslav oil field, one of the largest onshore oilfields in Europe (Kotarba et al, 2007). The Lower Oligocene -Lower Miocene Menilite Formation is the primary source rock interval in this region (Köster et al, 1998;Kotarba et al, 2006;Kosakowski et al, 2018). Age-equivalent "Maikopian" source rocks are important elsewhere in the Paratethys realm including the Alpine Foreland Basin, Caucasus foredeep, Kura Basin and South Caspian Basin (Sachsenhofer et al, 2018a(Sachsenhofer et al, , 2018b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oligocene–miocene Menilite Formation in the Ukrainian Carpathians: A World‐class Source Rock

Rauball

Sachsenhofer

Bechtel

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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This study investigates the hydrocarbon potential of Oligocene–Miocene shales in the Menilite Formation, the main source rock in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study is based on the analysis of 233 samples collected from outcrops along the Chechva River in western Ukraine in order to analyse bulk parameters (TOC, Rock‐Eval), biomarkers and maceral composition. In Ukraine, the Menilite Formation is conventionally divided into Lower (Lower Oligocene), Middle (Upper Oligocene) and Upper (Lower Miocene) Members. The Early Oligocene and Early Miocene ages of the lower and upper members are confirmed by new nannoplankton data. The Lower Menilite Member is approximately 330 m thick in the study area and contains numerous chert beds and turbidite sandstones in its lower part together with organic‐rich black shales. The shales have a high content of silica which was probably derived from siliceous micro‐organisms. The TOC content of the shales frequently exceeds 20 wt.% and averages 9.76 wt.%. HI values range between 600 and 300 mgHC/gTOC (max. 800 mgHC/gTOC). The Middle Member contains thin black shale intervals but was not studied in detail. The Upper Member is about 1300 m thick in the study area and is composed mainly of organic‐rich shales. Chert layers are present near the base of the Member, and a prominent tuff horizon in the upper part represents a volcanic phase during shale deposition. The member grades into overlying molasse sediments. The average TOC content of the Upper Menilite succession is 5.17 wt.% but exceeds 20 wt.% near its base. Low Tmax and vitrinite reflectance measurements for the Lower (419°C and 0.24–0.34 %Rr, respectively) and Upper (425°C and 0.26–0.32 %Rr, respectively) Menilite Member successions indicate thermal immaturity. Biomarker and maceral data suggest a dominantly marine (Type II) organic matter input mixed with varying amounts of land‐plant derived material, and indicate varying redox and salinity conditions during deposition. Determination of the Source Potential Index (SPI) shows that the Menilite Formation in the study area has the potential to generate up to 74.5 tons of hydrocarbons per m2. The Chechva River outcrops therefore appear to have a significantly higher generation potential than other source rocks in the Paratethys realm. These very high SPI values for the Menilite Formation may explain why a relatively small area in Ukraine hosts about 70% of the known hydrocarbon reserves in the northern and eastern Carpathian fold‐thrust belt.

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“…The newer publications of Kotarba et al (2013Kotarba et al ( , 2014 also confirmed the best generation potential of menilite shales. Recently, the influence of changes of deposition facies on the generation potential of the Menilite Beds was examined (Kosakowski et al, 2018) and it was found that there is no direct correlation in this case. (Jankowski 2008, Jankowski, Probulski, 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of dispersed organic matter of the Menilite Beds from the Dukla Unit based on microscopic analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis

Ziemianin¹,

Badawczy²

2019

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Organic matter from Menilite Beds of the Dukla Unit was studied (optical microscopy, Rock-Eval pyrolysis). In its composition, macerals from vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite groups are observed. Macerals of the liptinite group are dominating (alginite, bituminite and liptodetrinite). Among all invested lithological types, mudstones have the highest average content of these macerals, while in case of marly shales, sandstones/siltstones, micrite limestones and chert the content of individual liptinite macerals is always lower than 1 vol%. The vitrinite group is represented mainly by collotelinite and vitrodetrinite and its average content in all analyzed lithologies does not exceed 1 vol%. Fragments of collotelinite show significant diversity in terms of the reflectance. Macerals of the inertinite group (fusinite, semifusinite, inertodetrinite) are usually limited to single occurrences within the entire investigated sample area. In 41 out of 43 samples, the collotelinite fragments were numerous enough that it was possible to measure the reflectance. For samples in which reflectance of vitrinite fragments was measured, this parameter ranges from 0.25% to 0.56%. Rock-Eval pyrolysis results provided additional information, of which the most important were values of TOC (from 0.47% to 6.04%, average 2.61%), T max (417-449°C), hydrogen (95-502) and oxygen (<133) indices. In the western part of the investigated area, within the tectonic window of Świątkowa, Menilite Beds are in the phase of oil window, while in other locations organic matter is immature. Analyzed samples contain types II, II/III or III of kerogen. Type II dominates in clay shales and mudstones, while type III is most often observed in marly and carbonate shales and also in sandstones/siltstones.

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The Geochemical Characteristics of the Oligocene – Lower Miocene Menilite Formation in the Polish and Ukrainian Outer Carpathians: A Review

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Petroleum Provinces of the Paratethyan Region

Petroleum Provinces of the Paratethyan Region

The Oligocene–miocene Menilite Formation in the Ukrainian Carpathians: A World‐class Source Rock

Characteristics of dispersed organic matter of the Menilite Beds from the Dukla Unit based on microscopic analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis

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