The geochemical composition of the terrestrial surface (without soils) and comparison with the upper continental crust

Hartmann, Jens; Dürr, Hans H.; Moosdorf, Nils; Meybeck, Michel; Kempe, S.

doi:10.1007/s00531-010-0635-x

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Therefore, we sought a predictor of P weath0 correlated to the measured P SOM , which ranged from 10 to 80 g m −2 . We explored the use of globally mapped lithological data [ Hartmann and Moosdorf , , ; Hartmann et al , , ; Xiaojuan Yang et al , ], but no correlation with P SOM was found using either rock P concentration or P weathering rate ( r 2 = 0.0, n = 47 in both cases). Then, we considered soil types and found that the average P SOM for the podzols and rankers with measured P SOM ( n = 21) was significantly lower ( p < 0.02), by a factor of 1.7 than the average for other soil types ( n = 26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Davies

Tipping

Rowe

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Models are needed to understand how plant-soil nutrient stores and fluxes have responded to the last two centuries of widespread anthropogenic nutrient pollution and predict future change. These models need to integrate across carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) cycles and simulate changes over suitable timescales using available driving data. It is also vital that they are constrainable against observed data to provide confidence in their outputs. To date, no models address all of these requirements. To meet this need, a new model, N14CP, is introduced, which is initially applied to Northern Hemisphere temperate and boreal ecosystems over the Holocene. N14CP is parameterized and tested using 88 northern Europe plot-scale studies, providing the most robust test of such a model to date. The model simulates long-term P weathering, based on the assumption of a starting pool of weatherable P (P weath0 , g m À2 ), which is gradually transformed into organic and sorbed pools. Nitrogen fixation (and consequently primary production) is made dependent on available P. In the absence of knowledge about the spatial variability of P weath0 , N14CP produces good average soil and plant variables but cannot simulate variations among sites. Allowing P weath0 to vary between sites improves soil C, N, and P results greatly, suggesting that contemporary soil C, N, and P are sensitive to long-term P weathering. Most sites were found to be N limited. Anthropogenic N deposition since 1800 was calculated to have increased plant biomass substantially, in agreement with observations and consequently increased soil carbon pools.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Davies

Tipping

Rowe

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“… Compiled in Hartmann et al . [] [data based on Le Maitre , ; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 2006; Ricke , ; Taylor , ]. From the left to the right: mafic to felsic plutonic rocks (peridotite to granite) and volcanic rocks (mafic basalt in comparison to more felsic types of volcanics like rhyolite).…”

Section: Practicalities Of Enhanced Weathering On Land As a Climate Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efficient deployment of Enhanced Weathering on a global scale requires a global and relatively high‐resolution compilation of geochemical rock properties that shows local and regional heterogeneities. As a starting point, global‐scale assessments could be facilitated by using geochemical information from the mapping of exposed rocks (applying standardized sampling grids and interpolating between sampled sites, as has been done for Europe by the FOREGS program [ Imrie et al ., ]) or by compiling regional and local geological mapping studies and assembling the geochemical properties of the rocks based on geological/lithological maps [ Hartmann et al ., ; van Straaten , ].…”

Section: Practicalities Of Enhanced Weathering On Land As a Climate Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification

Hartmann

West

Renforth

et al. 2013

Reviews of Geophysics

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341

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[1] Chemical weathering is an integral part of both the rock and carbon cycles and is being affected by changes in land use, particularly as a result of agricultural practices such as tilling, mineral fertilization, or liming to adjust soil pH. These human activities have already altered the terrestrial chemical cycles and land-ocean flux of major elements, although the extent remains difficult to quantify. When deployed on a grand scale, Enhanced Weathering (a form of mineral fertilization), the application of finely ground minerals over the land surface, could be used to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere. The release of cations during the dissolution of such silicate minerals would convert dissolved CO 2 to bicarbonate, increasing the alkalinity and pH of natural waters. Some products of mineral dissolution would precipitate in soils or be taken up by ecosystems, but a significant portion would be transported to the coastal zone and the open ocean, where the increase in alkalinity would partially counteract "ocean acidification" associated with the current marked increase in atmospheric CO 2 . Other elements released during this mineral dissolution, like Si, P, or K, could stimulate biological productivity, further helping to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere. On land, the terrestrial carbon pool would likely increase in response to Enhanced Weathering in areas where ecosystem growth rates are currently limited by one of the nutrients that would be released during mineral dissolution. In the ocean, the biological carbon pumps (which export organic matter and CaCO 3 to the deep ocean) may be altered by the resulting influx of nutrients and alkalinity to the ocean. This review merges current interdisciplinary knowledge about Enhanced Weathering, the processes involved, and the applicability as well as some of the consequences and risks of applying the method.

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“…The weatherability of minerals generally has a stronger control on DSi mobilization from rocks than the silica content of the various, distinguished rock types or lithological classes (cf. Hartmann et al, 2010aHartmann et al, , 2011. In general, the levels of silica concentrations transported from the terrestrial to the fluvial system depend on the relative proportions of minerals in soils and rocks and their weatherability, on temperature, water residence time in soils and rocks, drainage intensity, gradient of slope, land use/cover changes and acids involved in weathering processes, as e.g., carbonic, sulphuric or humic acids (Meybeck, 1979;Wollast and Mackenzie, 1983;Drever, 1994Drever, , 1997Gaillardet et al, 1999;West et al, 2005;Jennerjahn et al, 2006;Conley et al, 2008;Hartmann et al, 2010a;Struyf et al, 2010;Cornelis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Database For Dsi and Psi In River Waters And Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Global spatial distribution of natural riverine silica inputs to the coastal zone

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Silica, SiO 2 , in dissolved (DSi) and particulate (PSi) form, is both a major product of continental weathering as well as an essential nutrient in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Here we present estimates of the spatial distribution of riverine silica fluxes under natural conditions, i.e. without human influence, to ∼140 segments of the global coastal zone. Focussing on the construction of the DSi budget, natural DSi concentration is multiplied with discharge of rivers for each segment for documented basins and segments. Segments with no documentation available are estimated using clustered information based mainly on considerations of local lithology, climate, and lake retention. We approximate fluxes of particulate silica in various forms (PSi) from fluxes of suspended matter, calculated from existing models. Results have been established for silica fluxes, concentrations and yields for drainage basins of the different continents, oceans basins as well as coastal segment basins. For the continental surfaces actually draining into the oceans (exorheic regions, representing 114.7 million (M) km 2 ), 371 M t y −1 of DSi and 8835 M t y −1 of PSi are transported, corresponding to a mean concentration of 9.5 mg l −1 and 226 mg l −1 , and to a mean yield of 3.3 t km −2 y −1 and 77 t km −2 y −1 , respectively. DSi yields exceeding 6.6 t km −2 y −1 , i.e. >2× the global average, represent 17.4% of the global continental icefree exorheic area but correspond to 56.0% of DSi fluxes. Pacific catchments hold most of the hyper-active areas (>5× global average), suggesting a close connection between tecCorrespondence to: H. H. Dürr (h.durr@geo.uu.nl) tonic activity and DSi fluxes resulting from silicate weathering. The macro-filters of regional and marginal seas intercept 33% and 46% of the total dissolved and particulate silica fluxes. The mass of DSi received from rivers per unit square area of various oceans ranges over more than one order of magnitude. When expressed per unit volume and when individual regional seas are considered this figure ranges over two to three orders of magnitude, an illustration of the heterogeneity of the land to sea connection.

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The geochemical composition of the terrestrial surface (without soils) and comparison with the upper continental crust

Abstract: The terrestrial surface, the

Cited by 53 publications

References 59 publications

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification

Global spatial distribution of natural riverine silica inputs to the coastal zone

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