The Geography of Ethnocentrism

Bausch, Andrew W.

doi:10.1177/0022002713515401

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Table , the six notions (preference, superiority, purity, exploitativeness, group cohesion, and devotion) represent first‐order expressions; intergroup and intragroup ethnocentrism fall under the category of second‐order dimensions, and group self‐centeredness and self‐importance, along with ingroup positivity and outgroup negativity are third‐order factors (Bizumic et al, ). While much of the early research in anthropology, psychology, and sociology primarily falls under the classical, often negative, view of ethnocentrism, recent research has embraced a far more nuanced and arguably more balanced view of the concept (see also Bausch, ).…”

Section: Treatment Of the Concept Of Ethnocentrism In Its Intellectuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Ethnocentrism in International Business Research

Michailova

Piekkari

Storgaard

et al. 2017

Global Strategy Journal

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Research summary For nearly five decades, international business (IB) research in general and the literature on organizational design and staffing of multinationals in particular have treated ethnocentrism mainly as an adverse attribute. Limited attention has been paid to the disciplines that originally established the concept—anthropology, sociology, and psychology. These disciplines have examined ethnocentrism as a positive, neutral, or negative phenomenon with a complex hierarchical structure. IB literature, in turn, has almost exclusively adopted a negative view, suggesting that ethnocentrism hinders adoption of a global strategy. This article borrows insights from the three base disciplines to rethink the concept of ethnocentrism in IB research and to draw implications for global strategy research. The article also calls for a more careful borrowing of concepts from other disciplines. Managerial summary This article is about ethnocentrism. Ethnocentric people tend to believe that their group, organization, culture, or ethnicity is superior to others. Ethnocentrism can exist in international business, for instance, where home country staff consider themselves superior to foreign staff in other countries. In international business research, ethnocentrism is usually considered undesirable, something that should be eliminated. However, sociology, anthropology, and psychology, where the concept was originally established, have adopted a wider, far more nuanced and intellectually richer view that also acknowledges the neutrality and benefits of ethnocentrism. We draw on this more refined view to rethink ethnocentrism in international business and show implications for global strategy research.

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Section: Treatment Of the Concept Of Ethnocentrism In Its Intellectuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Ethnocentrism in International Business Research

Michailova

Piekkari

Storgaard

et al. 2017

Global Strategy Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hammond and Axelrod's results are sensitive to changes in the assumptions made about local interaction and reproduction [3,29]. The same is valid for this model.…”

Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Reproduction is asexual and local, meaning that each agent can produce an offspring that shares its features (with a certain chance of mutation) and that the offspring is placed in an empty cell around its parent, if there is one. 3 The order in which agents are given the chance to reproduce is random. d) Each agent has a chance of dying equal to the death rate.…”

Section: General Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

An agent-based model of cooperation with cross-cutting identity dimensions

Cioroianu

2020

J Comput Soc Sc

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This paper provides an evolutionary explanation for the different patterns of cooperation across groups in societies in which social and political identity dimensions are cross-cutting, compared to societies in which identity dimensions are overlapping. An agent-based model of interaction between individuals belonging to different groups is presented. An agent's decision to cooperate or defect in a prisoners' dilemma game is based on the identity of the others along two identity dimensions. In the first version of the model, the two identities are equally salient, while in the second version, their relative salience varies. The results show that in the presence of cross-cutting identity dimensions, cooperation takes place not only within clusters of identical individuals, as suggested by previous models, but also along each of the two identity dimensions, between individuals that share only one of the two identity traits. As the relative salience of one identity dimension increases, cooperating along the lines of the more salient dimension becomes the most successful strategy. These findings are relevant for understanding the patterns of cooperation in heterogenous societies and under increased levels of social and political polarization.

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“…For example Pepper and Smuts [58] test the hypothesis that cooperation can emerge as a result of kin selection (the selection of behaviors which help genetically similar individuals at one's own expense) and the local clustering of trait groups. In other cases, such implicit effects were brought to light post hoc, as was the case of Bausch [9] who showed that the model of Hammond and Axelrod [37] is sensitive to the practice of placing offspring only in the neighborhoods of their parents. The insight was that the cooperation behavior did not emerge because of the tags as Hammond and Axelrod argued, but rather simply because agents interacted with their close kin most of the time.…”

Section: Selection and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of evolutionary computation methods in social agent-based modeling studies

Révay

Cioffi‐Revilla

2017

J Comput Soc Sc

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Agent-based modeling is a well-established discipline today with a rich and vibrant research community. The field of evolutionary computation (EC) is also well recognized within the larger family of computational sciences. In the past decades many agent-based modeling studies of social systems have used EC methods to tackle various research questions. Despite the relative frequency of such efforts, no systematic review of the use of evolutionary computation in agent-based modeling has been put forth. Here, we review a number of prominent agent-based models of social systems that employ evolutionary algorithms as a method. We comment on some theoretical considerations, the state of current practice, and suggest some best practices for future work.

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The Geography of Ethnocentrism

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Rethinking Ethnocentrism in International Business Research

Rethinking Ethnocentrism in International Business Research

An agent-based model of cooperation with cross-cutting identity dimensions

Survey of evolutionary computation methods in social agent-based modeling studies

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