The GEOHealth Hub for Eastern Africa: Contributions and Lessons Learned

Wipfli, Heather; Kumie, Abera; Atuyambe, Lynn; Oguge, Nicholas; Rugigana, Etienne; Zacharias, Kristin; Simane, Belay; Samet, Jonathan M.; Berhane, Kiros

doi:10.1029/2021gh000406

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…For government officials, for example, the dynamics and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of health resource allocation are the basis for developing management policies, and the three are interrelated; however, scholars tend to place their focus on one of the three, in general, and the separation of the three results in a “disconnect” between theoretical research and practical needs. Therefore, it calls for the introduction or creation of a new technical framework that integrates the three parts of “spatio-temporal dynamics-mismatch state-policy design” in the health resource allocation, accompanied by use of analysis results and conclusions as the basis for the allocation and planning of health resources by the government [ 62 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Pattern Evolution of Health Resources in China: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Mismatch

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The rational allocation of limited medical resources is the premise of safeguarding the public health. Especially since the outbreak of COVID-19, the evolution dynamics and spatial mismatch of medical resources have been a focal and frontier issue in academic discussions. (2) Methods: Based on the competitive state model and spatial mismatch index, this paper uses GIS and Geodetector spatial analysis methods and three typical indicators of hospitals, doctors, and beds to conduct an empirical study on the evolutionary characteristics and degree of mismatch in the geographic pattern of health resources in China from 2010 to 2020 (the data are from official publications issued by the National Bureau of statistics in China), in two dimensions of resource supply (economic carrying capacity) and demand (potential demand or need of residents). (3) Results: The spatial pattern of health resources at the provincial level in China has been firmly established for a long time, and the children and elderly population, health care government investment, and service industry added value are the key factors influencing the geographical distribution of health resources. The interaction between the different influence factors is dominated by bifactor enhancement, and about 30–40% of the factor pairs are in a nonlinear enhancement relationship. Hospital, doctor, and bed evolution trends and the magnitude and speed of their changes vary widely in spatial differentiation, but all are characterized by a high level of geographic agglomeration, heterogeneity, and gradient. Dynamic matching is the mainstream of development, while the geographical distribution of negative and positive mismatch shows strong spatial agglomeration and weak spatial autocorrelation. The cold and hot spots with evolution trend and space mismatch are highly clustered, shaping a center-periphery or gradient-varying spatial structure. (4) Conclusions: Despite the variability in the results of the analyses by different dimensions and indicators, the mismatch of health resources in China should not be ignored. According to the mismatch types and change trend, and following the geographic differentiation and spatial agglomeration patterns, this paper constructs a policy design framework of “regionalized governance-classified management”, in line with the concept of spatial adaptation and spatial justice, in order to provide a decision making basis for the government to optimize the allocation of health resources and carry out health spatial planning.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Pattern Evolution of Health Resources in China: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Mismatch

et al. 2022

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Air quality and attributable mortality among city dwellers in Kampala, Uganda: results from 4 years of continuous PM2.5 concentration monitoring using BAM 1022 reference instrument

Atuyambe,

Etajak,

Walyawula

et al. 2024

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background Air pollution is a known risk factor for non-communicable diseases that causes substantial premature death globally. Rapid urban growth, burning of biomass and solid waste, unpaved sections of the road network, rising numbers of vehicles, some with highly polluting engines, contribute to the poor air quality in Kampala. Objective To provide evidence-based estimates of air pollution attributable mortality in Kampala city, with focus on ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Methods We utilized a time series design and prospectively collected data on daily ambient PM2.5 concentration levels in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) using a Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM-1022) in Kampala city, Uganda. We combined the PM2.5 data with all-cause mortality data obtained from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Health in Kampala. We calculated attributable risk estimates for mortality using the WHO AirQ+ tools. Results Overall, the annual average concentration for PM2.5 for the period of 4 years, 2018–2021, was 39 μg/m3. There was seasonal variation, with the rainy season months (March–June and October–December) having lower values. PM2.5 concentrations tend to be highest in the morning (09.00 h) and in the evening (21.00 h.) likely due to increased vehicular emissions as well as the influence of weather patterns (atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and wind). Saturday has the most pollution (daily average over 4 years of 41.2 μg/m3). Regarding attributable risk, we found that of all the deaths in Kampala, 2777 (19.3%), 2136 (17.9%), 1281 (17.9%) and 1063 (19.8%) were attributable to long-term exposure to air pollution (i.e., exposure to PM2.5 concentrations above the WHO annual guideline of 5 μg/m3) from 2018 to 2021, respectively. For the 4 years and considering the WHO annual guideline as the reference, there were 7257 air pollution-related deaths in Kampala city. Impact Our study is the first to estimate air pollution attributable deaths in Kampala city considering the target as the WHO annual guideline value for PM2.5 of 5 μg/m3. Our monitoring data show that fine particulate matter air pollution in Kampala is above the WHO Air Quality Guideline value, likely resulting in substantial adverse health effects and premature death. While further monitoring is necessary, there is a clear need for control measures to improve air quality in Kampala city.

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Tourism, growth, and carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: a balancing act

Anaba,

R. Alaganthiran,

Gold

et al. 2024

Eur J Gov Econ

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Tourism is one of the major determinants of global economic growth, creating jobs within the sector, and Africa is no exception. The target of the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is to consider tourism as an alternative means of economic expansion. However, tourism is a means of environmental imbalance. This study investigates the complex relationship between tourism, economic growth, and carbon emissions in 47 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2020. While economic growth significantly increases carbon emissions, tourism revenue shows a potential mitigating effect. Trade openness also contributes to emissions, while employment shows a negative correlation. These findings highlight the need for stricter environmental regulations and policies that leverage the region's labor surplus for sustainable tourism practices. Implementing such measures is crucial for minimizing the environmental damage associated with foreign direct economic activities and ensuring long-term sustainability.

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The GEOHealth Hub for Eastern Africa: Contributions and Lessons Learned

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Geographical Pattern Evolution of Health Resources in China: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Mismatch

Geographical Pattern Evolution of Health Resources in China: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Mismatch

Air quality and attributable mortality among city dwellers in Kampala, Uganda: results from 4 years of continuous PM2.5 concentration monitoring using BAM 1022 reference instrument

Tourism, growth, and carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: a balancing act

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