The GEOID96 high-resolution geoid height model for the United States

Smith, D. A.; Milbert, Dennis

doi:10.1007/s001900050239

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A very closely related investigation of the simple covariance models may be found in Smith and Milbert (1999). They, however, do not use regularization parameter, but match assigned noise and misfi t of the prediction in the iterative process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A priori noise and regularization in least squares collocation of gravity anomalies

Jarmołowski¹

2013

Geodesy and Cartography

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Abstract:The paper describes the estimation of covariance parameters in least squares collocation (LSC) by the cross-validation (CV) technique called leave-one-out (LOO). Two parameters of Gauss-Markov third order model (GM3) are estimated together with a priori noise standard deviation, which contributes signifi cantly to the covariance matrix composed of the signal and noise. Numerical tests are performed using large set of Bouguer gravity anomalies located in the central part of the U.S. Around 103 000 gravity stations are available in the selected area. This dataset, together with regular grids generated from EGM2008 geopotential model, give an opportunity to work with various spatial resolutions of the data and heterogeneous variances of the signal and noise. This plays a crucial role in the numerical investigations, because the spatial resolution of the gravity data determines the number of gravity details that we may observe and model. This establishes a relation between the spatial resolution of the data and the resolution of the gravity fi eld model. This relation is inspected in the article and compared to the regularization problem occurring frequently in data modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A priori noise and regularization in least squares collocation of gravity anomalies

Jarmołowski¹

2013

Geodesy and Cartography

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“…As a result, several regional geoid models have been determined for various land masses including Australia (Featherstone et al 2001), Canada (Fotopoulos et al 2000), Europe (Denker et al 2005), Iran (Kiamehr 2006), Japan (Kuroishi et al 2002), Gibraltar Strait (Sevilla 1997), and USA (Smith and Milbert 1999). Also, some geoid models, including the Artic geoid (Forsberg and Skourup 2005;Knudsen et al 2006) and the Atlantic geoid (Fernandes et al 2000;Vergos and Sideris 2003;Forsberg et al 2004), have been determined for marine areas and have been more focused on oceanographic issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the geoid for Iberia and the Macaronesian Islands using multi-sensor gravity data and the GRACE geopotential model

Catalão

Sevilla²

2009

Journal of Geodynamics

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To cite this version:J. Catalão, M.J. Sevilla. Mapping the geoid for Iberia and the Macaronesian Islands using multisensor gravity data and the GRACE geopotential model. Journal of Geodynamics, Elsevier, 2009, 48 (1) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Iberia, and the Macaronesian Islands using multi-sensor gravity data and a GRACE derived Earth geopotential model. A high resolution gravity model, determined using least squares optimal interpolation of marine, land, and satellite derived gravity anomalies, was used to resolve the medium and short wavelengths of the geoid. Long wavelengths of the geoid were provided by the GRACE derived Earth geopotential model. The topographic effects were computed in the spectral domain using a high resolution (100 m) digital terrain model derived from SRTM mission data and cartographic charts. The remove-restore technique was used to compute the geoid model on a 1.5 arc minute grid, and the residual geoid height was computed using spherical FFT and a modified Stokes' kernel. The effects of different Earth tide models on the geoid were computed and analyzed.Comparison over the sea with an oceanographic geoid determined from CLS01 MSSH and Rio05MDT yield a relative accuracy of 8 cm, with larger differences close to the shoreline. Over land, comparisons with 1646 GPS/levelling marks indicate an overall precision of 8-10 cm and relative vertical datum offsets of up to 2 m. This new geoid model represents a significant improvement over existing geoid models, with a homogeneous relative accuracy of 8-10 cm over both marine and land areas, and exposes the inaccuracies of local vertical datums as references for studies of vertical deformation.

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“…This is aligned with the approach being used or considered in other countries, such as the USA [71], France [39], Germany [9], Canada [25] and Australia [20]. This 'warping' of a gravimetric geoid model to fit the GPS and levelling data may be preferable for the transformation of GPS-derived heights to the local vertical datum because it makes the transformation direct by accounting for the differences among vertical datum realisations described in the Introduction.…”

Section: The 1982-1997 European Gravimetric Geoid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The US National Geodetic Survey produces two geoid-type models: one is a scientific solution and the other is a warped model to support the direct transformation of GPS heights to the North American vertical datums [71]. In the case of the British Isles, the following geoid models and 'correction' surfaces could be produced:…”

Section: The 1982-1997 European Gravimetric Geoid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%