The geologic record of climatic change

Crowley, Thomas J.

doi:10.1029/rg021i004p00828

Cited by 146 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 324 publications

(283 reference statements)

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“…Extensive glaciation characterized the 200-300 Ma immediately preceding the Cambrian; paleomagnetic evidence is sometimes taken to indicate that large-scale glaciation occurred even in equatorial regions (cf. Frakes, 1979;Crowley, 1983). The Cambrian was by contrast quite warm.…”

Section: Torque On the Resonant Tidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential impact of the resonant tide on the tropical climate may be a key to understanding the extensive low-latitude glaciation peculiar to the late Precambrian (cf. Frakes, 1979;Crowley, 1983). Another possible link to the late Precambrian climate might be indicated by the apparent preservation of sunspot cycles (Williams and Sonett, 1985) and the lunar nodal tide (Zahnle and Walker, 1987) in the 680 Ma old Elatina formation.…”

Section: Torque On the Resonant Tidementioning

confidence: 99%

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A constant daylength during the precambrian era?

Zahnle

Walker

1987

Precambrian Research

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Zahnle, K. and Walker, J.C.G., 1987. A constant daylength during the Precambrian Era? Precambrian Res., 37: 95-105.The semidiurnal atmospheric thermal tide would have been resonant with free oscillations of the atmosphere when the day was ~ 21 h long, c. 600 Ma ago. Very large atmospheric tides would have resulted, with associated surface pressure oscillations in excess of 10 mbar in the tropics. Near resonance the Sun's gravitational torque on the atmospheric tide -accelerating Earth's rotation -would have been comparable in magnitude to the decelerating lunar torque upon the oceanic tides. The balance of the opposing torques may have long maintained a resonant ~ 21 h day, perhaps for much of the Precambrian. Because the timescale of lunar orbital evolution is not directly affected, a constant daylength would result in fewer days/month. The hypothesis is shown not to conflict with the available (stromatolitic) evidence. Escape from the resonance could have followed a relatively abrupt global warming, such as that occurring at the end of the Precambrian. Alternatively, escape may simply have followed a major increase in the rate of oceanic tidal dissipation, brought about by the changing topography of the world's oceans. We integrate the history of the lunar orbit with and without a sustained resonance, finding that the impact of a sustained resonance on the other orbital parameters of the Earth-Moon system would not have been large.

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Section: Torque On the Resonant Tidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torque On the Resonant Tidementioning

confidence: 99%

A constant daylength during the precambrian era?

Zahnle

Walker

1987

Precambrian Research

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“…To keep the oceans from freezing solid, the lower solar flux must have been offset by either an increase in the earth's greenhouse effect or by a decrease in its albedo (Sagan and Mullen 1972). The albedo could have been lower if cloud cover was reduced (Henderson-Sellers 1979; Rossow et al 1982); however, this explanation is unlikely if the Archean climate was actually warmer than today, as implied by the lack of evidence of glaciation prior to about 2.5 Ga (Crowley 1983;Frakes 1979). Enhanced concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases could have kept the climate warm; the most probable candidates are carbon dioxide and methane (Kasting 1987;Kiehl and Dickinson 1987;Owen et al 1979;Walker et al 1981).…”

Section: Precambrian Carbonates and Evaporitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Constraints on Precambrian Ocean Composition

Grotzinger¹,

Kasting

1993

The Journal of Geology

384

214

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The Precambrian record of carbonate and evaporite sedimentation is equivocal. In contrast to most previous interpretations, it is possible that Archean, Paleoproterozoic, and to a lesser extent, Meso to Neoproterozoic seawater favored surplus abiotic carbonate precipitation, as aragonite and (hi-Mg?) calcite, in comparison to younger times. Furthermore, gypsum/ anhydrite may have been only rarely precipitated prior to halite precipitation during evaporation prior to about 1.8 Ga. Two effects may have contributed to these relationships. First, sulfate concentration of seawater may have been critically low prior to about 1.9 Ga so the product mea++ · m 504 -would not have produced gypsum before halite, as in the Mesoproterozoic to modern ocean. Second, the bicarbonate to calcium ratio was sufficiently high so that during progressive evaporation of seawater, calcium would have been exhausted before the gypsum field was reached. The pH of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean need not have been significantly different from the modern value of 8.1, even at C0 2 partial pressures of a tenth of an atmosphere. Higher C0 2 partial pressures require somewhat lower pH values.

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“…A clear correlation was then found in the winter severety index and temperatures back to approximately 1100 AD and with alpine ice advances in the period 1500 BC to 1000 AD. It is also most obvious that the two sunspot minima/t tC maxima correspond nicely with the coldest part of the little ice age (see also CRAWLEY 1983). EDDY came to the conclusion that changes in world climate coincide with long term variations in the activity of the sun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Preliminary Study of Periodicities in Percentage Curves Dated by Pollen Density

Wijmstra

Hoekstra

Vries

et al. 1984

Acta Botanica Neerlandica

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SUMMARY The refined dating technique based on both pollen density and radio‐carbon dating proposed by Middeldorp (1982) was applied to five curves of a pollen‐ and macro‐remain diagram from a peat section from the Engbertsdijksveen (Vriezeveen, The Netherlands). Percentages curves of Alnus, Quercus, Corylus, alkaline soluble humic acids and coarse fraction of peat were then subjected to time series analysis by means of Periodic Regression (Briskin et al. 1980). In this way periodicities of approximately 1450, 1000, 800, 600, 500, 350, 200, 145, 85, 40 and possible 22 years could be established with reasonable confidence. Several of these periods seem to correspond to known sunspot cycles (22, 40, 80, 150, 200 and possibly 1000 years).

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The geologic record of climatic change

Cited by 146 publications

References 324 publications

A constant daylength during the precambrian era?

A constant daylength during the precambrian era?

New Constraints on Precambrian Ocean Composition

A Preliminary Study of Periodicities in Percentage Curves Dated by Pollen Density

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