The geology and genesis of the Proterozoic massive sulfide deposit at Garpenberg, central Sweden

Vivallo, Waldo

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.1.17

Cited by 41 publications

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“…The Falun and/~mmeberg types were believed to represent two significantly different ore forming processes, associated with Early and Late Svecofennian granitoids respectively (Magnusson 1953). The current view is, however, that all sulphide ores in Bergslagen and southwestern Finland were formed by exhalative-volcanic processes (Koark 1962;Henriques 1964;Latvalahti 1979;Vivallo 1985;Hedstrrm et al 1989;Vivallo and Rickard 1990) and the distinction between the "Falun" and "/~mmeberg" types is not any longer emphasized.…”

Section: Svecofennian and Post-svecofennian Crustal Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…only noted in the westernmost parts of Bergslagen and the composition of the felsic volcanics change gradually from rhyolites in the west to dacites and andesites in the east (Lagerblad 1988). This subdistrict includes many of the most significant sulphide and oxide ores in Bergslagen, such as Falun (Geijer 1917(Geijer , 1964Koark 1962), Garpenberg (Vivallo 1985), Saxberget (Vivallo and Rickard 1990), as well as a number of other mines and prospects. Iron ores (with or without manganese) occur all over this part of Bergslagen and include e.g.…”

Section: Interior Bergslagenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geijer 1917Geijer , 1964Magnusson 1950Magnusson , 1953. During the last decades, it has however generally been considered that all sulphide ores in Bergslagen should have one principal mode of formation related to volcanogenic-exhalative processes (Koark 1962;Rickard 1979;Billstr6m 1985;Vivallo 1985;Hedstr6m et al 1989;Vivallo and Rickard 1990), and a distinction between the Falun and ~mmeberg types have not been considered necessary. The origin of the stratiform iron ores has been less controversial and an exhalative-votcanogenic origin has been accepted for a long time (Geijer and Magnusson 1944;Bostr6m et al 1979;Frietsch 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A genetic reinterpretation of the Falun and �mmeberg ore types, Bergslagen, Sweden

Sundblad

1994

Mineral. Deposita

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The stratiform sulphide and oxide ores of Bergslagen, south-central Sweden, constitute the largest concentration of base metal and iron ores in northern Europe. They are hosted by Early Proterozoic metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary successions, which (together with later granitoids) belong to the Svecofennian Domain. An earlier genetic model suggested that two principal PeS of sulphide ores existed in Bergslagen (Falun and meberg), which had been formed through two contrasting granitoid-related processes, whereas the iron oxide ores were considered exhalative-volcanogenic. The prevailing view for the Bergslagen ores is that all stratiform sulphide (and oxide) ores were formed by exhalative-volcanogenic processes from one homogenous metal source. In this paper are presented new high-precision determinations of the ore lead isotopic composition of twentytwo stratiform sulphide and oxide ores in Bergslagen (among them Falun, Zinkgruvan-/~mmeberg and Dannemora), in order to provide an improved base for their genesis. The results show that significant variations in metal sources existed in Bergslagen for the volcanogenic ores. Most ores (including the Falun Cu-Zn-Pb deposit) were formed from a major isotopic reservoir that occurs in the interior parts of Bergslagen. This source is defined as the Falun reservoir and is dominated by calcalkaline felsic volcanic rocks. A variable input from a more evolved source component (recycled pre-Svecofennian crustal components) is locally important in sedimentdominated areas, particularly the Stockholm archipelago. A third source, representing relatively primitive meta-

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Section: Svecofennian and Post-svecofennian Crustal Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Interior Bergslagenmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A genetic reinterpretation of the Falun and �mmeberg ore types, Bergslagen, Sweden

Sundblad

1994

Mineral. Deposita

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“…The later deposit class was originally referred to as deposits of 'Falun-type' by Geijer (1917), who suggested an intrusion-related, metasomatic origin for the ores and associated skarns. The contact metasomatic model was later largely discounted in favour of models involving VMS-like, syn-volcanic ore formation at or just below the seafloor, prior to ductile deformation and amphibolite facies metamorphism during the 1.9-1.8 Ga Svecokarelian orogeny (e.g., Koark, 1962;Frietsch, 1982;Vivallo, 1985;Allen et al, 1996). It has been demonstrated that the deposits occupy predictable stratigraphic positions relative to cycles of caldera-related felsic volcanism (Allen et al, 1996), although the deposits differ from typical VMS deposits in that sulphide ores replaced stromatolitic limestone units, formed during pauses in volcanic activity (Allen et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage ore formation at the Ryllshyttan marble and skarn-hosted Zn–Pb–Ag–(Cu)+magnetite deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden

Jansson

Allen

2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…Extensive geochemical and geological investigations of the sulphide ores in the Bergslagen area have clearly indicated that these ores are of a volcanic-exhalative origin (SCHERMERHORN, 1978;FRIETSCH, 1982;OEN et al, 1982;VIVALLO, 1985;LAGER-BLAD & GORBATSCHEV, 1985). Furthermore, results obtained from studies of sulphur and lead isotope distributions in Svecokarelian sulphide ores (JOHANSSON & RICKARD, 1985;BILLSTRC)M, 1990 and unpubl, results) sustain a general volcanic-exhalative model.…”

Section: Geologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphur isotope compositions in the Åmmeberg Zn-Pb ore deposit, south-central Sweden: Genetic implications

Billström

1991

Geol Rundsch

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Zusammenfassung AbstractThe distribution of sulphur isotope compositions in the Ammeberg sulphide ore deposit is discussed. The 634S values for various sulphides show a complex pattern of fluctuations between isotopic equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. This feature as well as the observed variations in the ~34S values of galena and sphalerite are interpreted to have originated from successive pulses of sulphide-forming solutions. On the basis of geological field criteria and sulphur isotope data, the Ammeberg deposit is considered to be a typical distal mineralization, belonging to the volcanic-exhalative group of ore deposits. The banded structure of the ore, the spatial separation of Pb and Zn and the presence of discrete, persistant ore layers probably relate to the type of convective system that created the mineral-forming solutions and to the various processes taking place when the brines were expelled onto the sea floor. R6sum6L'auteur discute la distribution des compositions du soufre dans le gisement de sulfure d'Ammeberg. Les valeurs de 634S pour divers sulfures prdsentent des fluctuations complexes entre les conditions d'6quilibre et de non-dquilibre isotopique.Cette distribution, ainsi que les variations observ6es de 634S de la galbne et de la blende sont interpr6t6es comme rdsultant d'arrivdes successives de solutions sulfurantes. Sur la base de crit~res g6ologi-ques de terrain et des donndes relatives aux isotopes &re mises en relation avec le type de syst~me convectif qui a engendr6 les solutions mindralisantes et avec les divers processus qui sont entrds enjeu lorsque les saumures se sont rdpandues sur le fond de lamer. study to comment on the genesis of the deposit, especially on the basis of its sulphur isotope distribution. KpaTKOe co~ep~aHHeO6c~a~OT pacnpeReaenne n3oTonoB cepbI 13 cyahdpv0lrm~x MecTopo~eHnaX ~mmeberg. 3Ha-qeIm,q 634S paaJiwmsrx cyJIbqbIIROB yKaablBatOT ua cJ~o~x-Ioe KoJIe6aHHe Me:fdly COCTO~HmqMH paBHOBecmq u HepaBuoBecmq I43OTOIIOB cepbI. ~Tn )~an-Hbm ~ Koae6aHmq 3HaqeHHfi ~34S, ua6atoRaeMbie B CBrmROBOM 6aecIce n tO~IHKOBOfi o6MaI~Ke, paapemaIOT npeanoaaraT~,, UTO orm nMelOT rv0lpoTep-Ma~bHoe nponcxo~elme I~3 co)lep)KamHx cya~,-qbi~,i pacTl3OpOB. Ha ocuoBarmH reoJiornnec~mx cooa-i~omerli~ B MecTopo~emlnX ri )lanrlbIX aaoTonoB cepb~ vlecTopo~aeHne ~mmeberg paccMaTpima~oT, KaK THIIHqHyIO ~nc~vaat, nyio ~rmepaJi;i3at~i~o, OT~OCm4y~O K wJn(aHoar:cra~TI~HOfi rpynne py~n~,ix MecTopo~enm~. IIoJ~oc~aToe cTpoerme py~, npocTpaHcT~eI-inoe pa3~eJien~e c~nn~a n im~i~a n npI~cyrcTBne OT~e~I~a~,~X gr, cr:peTrI~,~x c~oeB pygLi pa3pemaroT CB~I3aTb I4X C C1?ICTeMOfI KOI-IBeK~rlrI, nOCTaBa~-ro~ef~ paCTBOp~,I. O~MeuaroT ra~:>ae H c~3b c pa3~mim,~v_n npoaecca~vua, npower:a~mI~n B pane, ~,i6pomeI-mOf~ Ha ~r~e oKearIa.

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The geology and genesis of the Proterozoic massive sulfide deposit at Garpenberg, central Sweden

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

A genetic reinterpretation of the Falun and �mmeberg ore types, Bergslagen, Sweden

A genetic reinterpretation of the Falun and �mmeberg ore types, Bergslagen, Sweden

Multistage ore formation at the Ryllshyttan marble and skarn-hosted Zn–Pb–Ag–(Cu)+magnetite deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden

Sulphur isotope compositions in the Åmmeberg Zn-Pb ore deposit, south-central Sweden: Genetic implications

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