The geology and mineralogy of a range of kaolins from the Santa Cruz and Chubut Provinces, Patagonia (Argentina)

Domı́nguez, Eduardo; Iglesias, Claudio; Dondi, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.07.009

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These Patagonian deposits are derived from Mesozoic rhyolitic and andesitic rocks. There have been several studies aimed at discovering the origin of the primary deposits (Domínguez & Murray, 1995Cravero et al, 1991Cravero et al, , 2001Domínguez et al, 2008, Marfil et al, 2005. Most of the studies deal with the mineralogy, chemical composition, the deposit structure and oxygen-deuterium isotopic data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in Volcanic Rocks

Marfil¹,

Maiza²

2012

Geochemistry - Earth's System Processes

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in Volcanic Rocks

Marfil¹,

Maiza²

2012

Geochemistry - Earth's System Processes

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“…Hydrothermal and weathering processes influence the occurrence of kaolinites before transportation in secondary deposits (Murray, 1988;Kitagawa and Kö ster, 1991;Montes et al, 2002;Dominguez et al, 2008;Dill, 2010;Marfil et al, 2010). The geology and geometry of Dill et al (1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The textural features and distributions of kaolinite crystals observed in the SEM images provide information regarding the origins of the deposits (Keller, 1976(Keller, , 1989Bauluz et al, 2008). The dissolution-decomposition and replacementcrystallization mechanisms representing the alteration of parent minerals are major textural features of primary kaolins (weathering, diagenesis, and hydrothermal) (Keller, 1976;Kitagawa and Kö ster, 1991;Ekosse, 2000;Bauluz et al, 2008;Dominguez et al, 2008;Kadir et al, 2011). Kaolinites in secondary deposits, however, occur within more tightly packed aggregates and exhibit irregular arrangements and grain-size fractionation (Henning and Stö rr, 1986;Keller, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The geology and geometry of Dill et al (1997). (a) Binary diagram discriminating between hypogene and supergene genesis of altered volcanics and Ç akmaktepe kaolins with the hypogene-supergene (dotted) line of Dominguez et al (2008); and (b) relation between total TiO 2 and Zr contents in the Karaboldere volcanics and the Ç akmaktepe kaolins. the deposit, the presence and distribution of certain mineral phases such as alunite and Fe-Ti oxide, the major and trace elements, and the stable isotope compositions of kaolinite may provide information regarding the origin of kaolinization (Kelepertis and Esson, 1987;Boulvais et al, 2000;Siddiqui and Ahmed, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment-Hosted Kaolin Deposit from Çakmaktepe (Uşak, Turkey): its Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis

Yildiz

Başaran

2015

Clays and clay miner.

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Because of their geochemical properties, the Ç akmaktepe (Us°ak) kaolin deposits have been considered as primary. New sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical data suggest that the Ç akmaktepe kaolins are secondary deposits of sedimentary processes after hydrothermal alteration of the source rocks. The kaolins in the Ç akmaktepe deposit were formed from the hydrothermal alteration of calcalkaline Karaboldere volcanics (KBV). The kaolinized materials were then reworked and accumulated in a lacustrine basin. The argillic alteration zones were associated with faults, and lateral zonation of minerals was observed in the KBV. Smectite was the major phyllosilicate in the 'outer zone'. The alteration mineralogy of the 'inner zone' was similar to that of the Ç akmaktepe kaolins and consisted mainly of kaolinite with minor amounts of smectite and alunite. The trace-element abundances in the kaolinized volcanics and the Ç akmaktepe kaolins indicated hypogene conditions. The d 18 O values of the Ç akmaktepe kaolins ranged from 0.2 to 5.92%, which indicated that the Ç akmaktepe kaolinites were formed at temperatures between 92 and 156ºC, and the dD values ranged from À91.68 to À109.45%. The irregular edge-to-face morphology, the variation in grain-size, a few broken crystals of kaolinite, the deficiency of dissolution-replacement and crystallization mechanisms, and the the low sphericity, very angular, and poorly sorted quartz crystals in the kaolins all result from transport processes. The sedimentary structures, including trough cross-lamination, tool marks, and load casts, indicate transportation by turbulent waters and deposition of kaolin layers in a shallow lake.

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“…Some of the world-known and most utilised kaolins are the Capim River kaolin of Brazil [9]; Patagonia kaolins in Argentina [10]; the Georgia kaolins in USA [11]; the Cornwall kaolin, occurring in England [12]; and the Pugu kaolin in Tanzania [13], globally recognised for providing the standard of kaolinite in X-ray diffraction [14]. Other kaolin deposits in Africa include the Makoro and Kgwakgwe primary kaolins in Botswana [6] and the Abu Darag kaolin in Egypt [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Selected Kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The geochemical characteristics of selected kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria are presented, with an attempt to elucidate on their possible industrial applications by comparing them to world-known kaolin deposits. Major oxides concentrations were subjected to factor analyses in interpreting their relationships. Geochemical indices, including chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and the index of compositional variability (ICV) were computed and plotted on binary and ternary diagrams to determine the intensity of weathering of the kaolins and discriminate their different source rock types. Kaolinite was the major phase, followed by quartz, illite and goethite as minor phases. Minerals in trace phases included smectite, anatase, muscovite, gibbsite, microcline, palygorskite and calcite. Mean abundances of major oxides in wt% were: SiO 2 (56.96)>Al 2 O 3 (24.09)>Fe 2 O 3 (3.78)>TiO 2 (1.53)> K 2 O (1.26)> MgO (0.27)>CaO (0.20)>Na 2 O (0.17)>P 2 O 5 (0.05)>MnO (0.04). The CIW versus CIA and ICV versus CIA plots showed that most of the kaolins clearly depicted extreme silicate weathering. The current applications of kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria include ceramics and manufacturing of bricks and tiles. Low MgO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O and TiO 2 further position the kaolins for pharmaceutics, cosmetics, rubber and plastic applications. Thus, the studied kaolins have the potential to contribute to improved economic development of these countries.

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The geology and mineralogy of a range of kaolins from the Santa Cruz and Chubut Provinces, Patagonia (Argentina)

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in Volcanic Rocks

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in Volcanic Rocks

Sediment-Hosted Kaolin Deposit from Çakmaktepe (Uşak, Turkey): its Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis

Geochemistry of Selected Kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria

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