The geology of ambient aerosols: characterising urban and rural/coastal silicate PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 using high-volume cascade collection and scanning electron microscopy

Moreno, Teresa; Gibbons, Wes; Jones, Timothy Peter; Richards, Roy J.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00534-x

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To physicochemically characterize the generated AgNP, they were collected onto 37 mm Teflon substrates (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), quarters of which were fixed onto 13 mm aluminum scanning electron microscopy (SEM) stubs. 22 The samples were platinum (Pt) coated to an average thickness of 10 nm using a sputter coater and were imaged using an Inspect™ SEM (FEI Company, Hillsboro, OH, USA) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV and a spot size of 2.5. X-ray microanalysis was performed using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis Genesis System.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Agnp Generation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergenicity and toxicology of inhaled silver nanoparticles in allergen-provocation mice models

Chuang¹,

Hsiao²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

IJN

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been associated with the exacerbation of airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the allergenicity and toxicology of AgNP in healthy and allergic individuals are unclear. We investigated the pathophysiological responses to AgNP inhalation in a murine model of asthma. Continuous and stable levels of 33 nm AgNP were maintained at 3.3 mg/m 3 during the experimental period. AgNP exposure concomitant with ovalbumin challenge increased the enhanced pause (Penh) in the control and allergic groups. AgNP evoked neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration into the airways and elevated the levels of allergic markers (immunoglobulin E [IgE] and leukotriene E 4 [LTE 4 ]), the type 2 T helper (Th2) cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13), and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) in healthy and allergic mice. Bronchocentric interstitial inflammation was observed after AgNP inhalation. After inhalation, the AgNP accumulated predominantly in the lungs, and trivial amounts of AgNP were excreted in the urine and feces. Furthermore, the AgNP induced inflammatory responses in the peritoneum. The inhalation of AgNP may present safety concerns in healthy and susceptible individuals.

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Section: Materials and Methods Agnp Generation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergenicity and toxicology of inhaled silver nanoparticles in allergen-provocation mice models

Chuang¹,

Hsiao²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

IJN

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“…First, both laboratory (Dutta et al, 1993;Jari, 1995) and wind tunnel (Kuenen, 1960;1969) experiments have found that feldspars are more fragile than quartz grains to aeolian abrasion, possibly owing to the cleavage structures of feldspars (Kuenen, 1969) and the greater propensity of 10 feldspars to weather than quartz (Nesbitt et al, 1997). Second, the feldspar content of dust is higher than that of the parent top soils in dust-producing regions, including Northern Ghana (Tiessen et al, 1991), China (Feng et al, 2008), and the UK (Moreno et al, 2003), implying the selective removal of feldspars to generate dust. Third, laboratory experiments have found that aeolian abrasion of feldspars can generate a larger fraction of the PM 10 and the PM 2.5 size ranges than generated from abrasion of quartz (Domingo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Insights Into Processes Producing Dust From Active Sands At mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

Huang¹,

Kok²,

Martin³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Sand dunes and other active sands generally have a low content of fine grains and, therefore, are not considered to be major dust sources in climate models. However, recent remote sensing studies have indicated that a surprisingly large fraction of dust storms are generated from regions covered by sand dunes, leading these studies to propose that sand dunes might be globally-relevant sources of dust. To help understand the dust emission potential of sand dunes and other active 15 sands, we present in situ field measurements of dust emission under natural saltation from a coastal sand sheet at Oceano Dunes in California. We find that saltation drives substantial dust emissions from this setting. Laboratory analyses of sand samples suggest that these emissions are produced by aeolian abrasion of feldspars and removal of coatings of clay minerals on sand grains. We further find that this emitted dust is substantially finer than dust emitted from non-sandy soils and dust observed in situ over North Africa. As such, dust emitted from the sand sheet, and potentially from other active sands 20 affected by similar dust emission processes, could have potent impacts on climate, the hydrological cycle, and human health.These measurements thus support the hypothesis that considerable emissions of fine dust can be generated by the reactivation of inactive dunes with accumulated clay minerals. This might occur due to future land-use changes and desertification, and is not currently represented in most climate models.

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“…The typical composition of fine continental aerosol will usually contain various sulphates (mostly ammonium and calcium), nitrates (mostly ammonium), chlorides (mostly sodium), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), especially traffic-related soot, biological materials and other organic compounds, iron compounds, trace metals, and mineral derived from rocks, soil and various human activities. Aerosol composition also can be influenced by local geology, geographic location and climate (Moreno et al, 2003).…”

Section: Composition Of Atmospheric Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry of Dicarboxylic Acids in the Atmospheric Aerosols

Rozaini¹

2012

Atmospheric Aerosols - Regional Characteristics - Chemistry and Physics

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The geology of ambient aerosols: characterising urban and rural/coastal silicate PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 using high-volume cascade collection and scanning electron microscopy

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Allergenicity and toxicology of inhaled silver nanoparticles in allergen-provocation mice models

Allergenicity and toxicology of inhaled silver nanoparticles in allergen-provocation mice models

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

The Chemistry of Dicarboxylic Acids in the Atmospheric Aerosols

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