The Geometrical Regularization for Covering Irregular Bases with Karbandi

Abstract

Karbandi is an arched covering pattern in Persian architecture which provides the interior of a structure with a particular geometric elegance and integrates architecture and structure in the creation of a meaningful spaces. The use of these structures is highly demanded in contemporary Persian architecture but requires a creative, modern design and construction strategy in order to meet new requirements, since traditional methods for implementing them causes them to be applicable only on regular bases. Here the authors investigate a solution to broaden their use over irregular geometry. This paper also aims at determining the possibility of administrating Karbandi geometry in the boundaries of an irregular polygonal shape. The result of this paper shows that it is possible to calculate and implement a Karbandi geometry in irregular bases when some specific conditions are met. KeywordsKarbandi Á Karbandi geometry Á Cross-ribbed vaulting Á Vaults Á Persian architecture Á Islamic architecture This paper has been extracted from a research-based design project (Modern Method of Construction

Karbandi and crossed-arch dome, from a possible common ground to constructive and geometric differentiation

“…It is also possible to combine two or more karbandies, or to section them, using only a part. Or even to have a specific karbandi that uses odd numbers and different base geometry, like triangles, as the basic rule is that the arches bases should be located along a single circumference (Mohammadi et al 2018;Mohamadianmansoor et al 2012). The chords make the connection between 2 points in the circumference, and the number of divisions that are between those chord points is called the karbandi pass 'n+x'(Pour Ahmadi 2014).…”

Geometric design of a masonry lattice space dome titled KARBANDI in Persian architecture

“…Therefore, the rib arches connect to piers and directly transfer forces. 8 In addition, the piers of plumb Karbandi are vertical to the ground and present a better load-bearing capability in comparison with the out-of-plumb Karbandi. 3 There are examples of this type of Karbandi in the Abbasian House and the men's baths of the Ameri House in Kashan ( Figure 2).…”

“…Furthermore, a few specific examples were found on unusual bases (the most common bases for Karbandi in Persian architecture are square, rectangle, octagon, octagon and semi-octagon, negini (a type of octagon), and kashkouli (a type of octagon), which are rectangular or made from combination of two or more identical intersecting rectangles). 8 Therefore, the plumb Karbandi can be examined in three categories, which we titled "Simple," "Compound," and "Specific," respectively, that are investigated as follows.…”

“…7 Karbandi is a salient kind of these structures in Persian architecture, which is one of the most common patterns in the restoration projects and new buildings, including the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam, Baba Tahir Hamadani, and others. 8 This pattern is created by intersecting several rib vaults which is based on strict geometric principles. Karbandi is considered as a power of Persian architecture that elegantly integrates architecture and structure and over the centuries, it has been an element of identity in Persian architecture.…”

“…The research has identified three ambiguities in current models: encompass naming, recognizing geometry, and recognizing building function and their corresponding solution separately. Among English references, a resource was written by Amjad Mohammadi et al 8 The authors aimed at investigating a solution to broaden Karbandi's use over irregular geometry and ultimately show that it is possible to calculate and implement a Karbandi geometry in irregular bases when some specific conditions are met. The other English reference has been conducted by Pour Ahmadi.…”