The geomorphic effectiveness of a large flood on the Rio Grande in the Big Bend region: Insights on geomorphic controls and post-flood geomorphic response

Development of sediment slug upstream from the Czorsztyn Reservoir (southern Poland) and its interaction with river morphology

“…However, observations of flood-induced changes from different gravel-bed rivers with an erodible bank (e.g., Hooke, 2003;Gaeuman et al, 2005;Dean and Schmidt, 2013) supports the potential occurrence of the hypothesized fluctuating tendency between phases 2 and 3 upstream from the CR in the future. The temporal variation in the effectiveness of bar-bank interaction may also depend on the future rate of floodplain sedimentation, which may increase the erosional resistance of the bank (e.g., Xu, 2001a), and the relative channel depth (Xu, 1990(Xu, , 2001b, the tendency observed in a finegrained, high-suspended load meandering and wandering braided river in China.…”

Channel response to extreme floods: Insights on controlling factors from six mountain rivers in northern Apennines, Italy

“…Some works have confirmed that hydraulic forces may not be sufficient to explain geomorphic effects (e.g., Heritage et al, 2004;Nardi and Rinaldi, 2015), and consequently, attempts have been made to include other factors. For instance, human interventions and structures have been considered by Langhammer (2010); bedload supply and pre-flood channel planform by Dean and Schmidt (2013); lateral confinement by Thompson and Croke (2013); a bend stress parameter by Buraas et al (2014).…”

Variations in flood magnitude–effect relations and the implications for flood risk assessment and river management

“…Schumm and Lichty, 1963;Burkham, 1972) and cases of resetting the river have been documented (e.g. Brizga and Finlayson, 1990;Costa and O'Connor, 1995;Dean and Schmidt, 2013). Magilligan (1992) embedded the analysis of critical thresholds of flood power within the framework of magnitude-frequency relationships and effectiveness.…”

“…Several authors argue for alternative measures as having a closer relationship to flood impact, such as peak stream power, total shear stress or unit (specific) stream power (Baker and Costa, 1987;Miller, 1990;Magilligan, 1992), or total discharge and total stream power (Huckleberry, 1994;Costa and O'Connor, 1995). Duration has also been shown to have a large effect (Huckleberry, 1994;Costa and O'Connor, 1995;Dean and Schmidt, 2013). Magilligan (1992) identified a threshold unit stream power of 300 W m −2 for major channel instability to occur in a flood.…”

“…Numerous case studies of individual events have been published over the past few decades, many identifying individual factors that have influenced the impact of events. A few papers have provided syntheses and reviews of multiple factors influencing the magnitude impact relation, and developed conceptual models, notably Kochel (1988), Costa and O'Connor (1995) and Dean and Schmidt (2013). Kochel (1988) synthesised information from a large number of floods and attempted to identify which are the most important variables in predicting channel response to large floods.…”