The Geostrategic Environs and Foreign Policy

Rizvi, Hasan-Askari

doi:10.1057/9780230379848_1

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…He once claimed, “We have religious, historical and cultural relations with all the Muslim countries of the world and we want to further our relations with them” (The Bangladesh Observer May 2, 1976). Ershad continued good relationship with Pakistan and was awarded Pakistan's highest civilian award ( Nishan-i-Pakistan ) as a tribute to his contribution to brotherly relationships between Bangladesh and Pakistan, and his leading role in establishing the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (Rizvi 1993, 55). Both ZR and Ershad held up their good relationship with Pakistan and the Muslim world as a representation of the country's Islamic identity at domestic and international levels, consolidating their “political acceptance and legitimacy” at domestic and international levels.…”

Section: The Case Of Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military, Authoritarianism and Islam: A Comparative Analysis of Bangladesh and Pakistan

Sheikh

Ahmed

2019

Politics and Religion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The years 1975 and 1977 witnessed a wave of de facto military regimes in Bangladesh and Pakistan, respectively. In Pakistan, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq operationalized the country's preexisting Islamic identity from emblematic to substantive at both domestic and international levels. General Ziaur Rahman and General Ershad of Bangladesh revived the country's Islamic identity at the domestic and international levels and reopened the space for religious fractions that were banned from politics constitutionally in the previous regime. Focusing on military regimes in Bangladesh and Pakistan between 1975 and 1990, this paper aims to bridge that gap by specifically examining the use of Islam. This study argues that dictators in both countries used Islam to support their survival strategies of legitimacy, repression, and social control. Authoritarian rulers did not have to use Islam to maintain military coherence, because of the military's culture of subordination to superiors.

show abstract

Section: The Case Of Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military, Authoritarianism and Islam: A Comparative Analysis of Bangladesh and Pakistan

Sheikh

Ahmed

2019

Politics and Religion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ayub was presented by American press to American people as Champion of free people, that time cleared about Pakistan's peace and security priorities, the importance of Kashmir for the people of Pakistan, economic needs and willingness to stand with the western world against Soviet Block. (Bindra, 1988) Later, Pakistan received disappointing responses from the USA when it faced a war with India in 1965, her expectations were not met as per her needs during the war and she was to look beyond SEATO, CENTO and the US support (Rizvi, 1993). This was the start of realisation within Pakistan that they may need to adopt more open and neutral foreign policy approach instead of relying on USA and west for her interest and needs.…”

Section: First Three Decades Of Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once Soviets announced a withdraw and offered an agreement to the US, Americans rushed to go for this neglecting Pakistan's warning against withdrawal of Soviet forces without reaching acceptable solution for coming Afghan power sharing among various factions that fundamentally shared one objective of Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan while having multiple conflicting interests which were to surface if not settled before Soviet withdrawal. Zia was also betrayed by his prime minister Junejo on this issues who went to Geneva and signed declaration that was ill-framed without consideration of genuine view of Pakistan Military regime that was very closed to Afghan resistance forces and was in good confidence to understand real concerns of these diverse groups who held powers in multiple regions within Afghanistan (C-SPAN.org, 1989;Rizvi, 1993;Saikal, 2014).…”

Section: Afghan War Of the 1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings

Khan¹

2017

GSSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper critically analyses the US and Pakistan relations in historical context and thereby comprehends the causes of misunderstandings between them, especially under the new administration of Donal Trump. Like other states in our world both Pakistan and USA have priorities to secure their national interests as both have their own way of protecting their interest in short, medium or long terms. The paper finds that unlike the US which makes a policy that focuses only on the current scenarios, Pakistan keeps in view the lessons from past betrayals from US and her future needs arising from her security issues related to her neighbours i.e. Afghanistan and India. Pakistan also fears Indian involvement in Afghanistan and the US support to India in Afghanistan in general and particularly in the region. Pakistan needs to understand US mistrust for rapid proliferation (even legal) to earn easy money to strengthen its weak economy. From the US perspectives, it strategy regarding Pakistan is no different from that of a major powers as she only focuses short terms objectives. USA needs to realize that the strategic location of Pakistan and the nuclear capability makes her an important country that bestows on her the right to be treated like medium power in the region. It not only about dealing with mutual misunderstandings related to realization of mutual concerns but it is also about peace, security and future of every sixth human being on earth who lives in the region or maybe its impacts can go far beyond to the whole world. Therefore, both Pakistan and the US need to address each other's concern and work on converging lines.

show abstract

“…Numerous theories have tried to explain the causal factors for the on-going rivalry between Pakistan and India. Realism and neorealism focus on ‘fear’ factor for Pakistan’s pursuance of ‘power’ for its survival (Rizvi, 1993, pp. 1–17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceiving the Enemy Differently: A Psycho-cultural Analysis of Pakistan–India Conflict

Kadir

2019

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By using an interdisciplinary approach, this article seeks to examine Pakistan–India partition and their on-going rivalry which is a permanent threat to the South Asian regional security. This article analyses the Pakistan–India conflict through a fresh psycho-cultural framework to explain both states’ endless competitive urge to outpace each other. I will describe the attributes of the indigenous ‘culture of conflict’ in both countries and use them as an ‘analogy’. This article develops a conflict theory to explain the rationale behind such an emotion-laden rivalry between the two nations. The conflict theory presented in this article (which can be termed as Sharike-Bazi [Culture of Conflict]) explains that peoples’ conflict behaviours in Pakistan and India are rooted in their earliest socialisation within primary kinship institutions. In Pakistan and India, the indigenous ‘culture of conflict’ emanates from the segmentation of the most pervasive and influential institutions, the kinship institutions. The moralities of conflict behaviour learned within these institutions are extrapolated to every other institution in the outside world. Therefore, psychologically, the indigenous ‘culture of conflict’ creates certain moral views affecting the conflict behaviour of people as well as policymakers. It provides them with cultural moralities to pursue this zero-sum interstate conflict.

show abstract

The Geostrategic Environs and Foreign Policy

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Military, Authoritarianism and Islam: A Comparative Analysis of Bangladesh and Pakistan

Military, Authoritarianism and Islam: A Comparative Analysis of Bangladesh and Pakistan

Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings

Perceiving the Enemy Differently: A Psycho-cultural Analysis of Pakistan–India Conflict

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About