2003
DOI: 10.1038/nmat993
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The giant electrorheological effect in suspensions of nanoparticles

Abstract: Electrorheology (ER) denotes the control of a material's flow properties (rheology) through an electric field. We have fabricated electrorheological suspensions of coated nanoparticles that show electrically controllable liquid-solid transitions. The solid state can reach a yield strength of 130 kPa, breaking the theoretical upper bound on conventional ER static yield stress that is derived on the general assumption that the dielectric and conductive responses of the component materials are linear. In this gia… Show more

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Cited by 552 publications
(439 citation statements)
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“…Recently, custom-formulated ER fluids have been employed in a number of microscale applications [6][7][8] and in various microfluidic devices [9][10][11][12] . With the recent discovery of nanoparticle-based ER fluids 13 , the expansion of applications to even smaller scale devices can also be envisioned. As a result of this versatility, ER fluids have been of continuing interest to the scientific and engineering communities since their discovery.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, custom-formulated ER fluids have been employed in a number of microscale applications [6][7][8] and in various microfluidic devices [9][10][11][12] . With the recent discovery of nanoparticle-based ER fluids 13 , the expansion of applications to even smaller scale devices can also be envisioned. As a result of this versatility, ER fluids have been of continuing interest to the scientific and engineering communities since their discovery.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The prediction can be quite accurate especially for the cases of low volume fractions of the inclusion inside the composites, such as the system of photonic crystals and functional fluids [9][10][11][12]. In the long wavelength regime, the electromagnetic properties of such composites are similar to homogeneous materials with the permittivity that can be tuned readily via the volume fraction of the inclusions, and can give rise to the realization of controllable dielectrics or even present the extraordinary electromagnetic properties [13,14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, it took roughly twenty to thirty more years, when the availability of modern, high-resolution measurement technology on one hand and more advanced and powerful computing facilities on the other hand enabled researchers to conduct detailed experimental studies and to perform extensive numerical simulations (see BLOCK and KELLY [1988], BLOCK et al [1990], BÖSE [1998], BÖSE and TRENDLER [2001], CLERCX and BOSSIS [1993], CONRAD et al [1991], DEINEGA and VINOGRADOV [1984], GAST and ZUKOSKI [1989], HANAOKA et al [2002], INOUE and MANIWA [1995], KHUSID and ACRIVOS [1995], KIMURA et al [1998], 1 FIGURE 1.1. Formation of chains aligned with the field (left) and aggregation to sheets (right) KLASS and MARTINEK [1967a,b] and KLINGENBERG et al [1989], KLINGEN-BERG and ZUKOSKI [1990], LEMAIRE et al [1992], MARSHALL et al [1989], MOKEEV et al [1992], RHEE et al [2003], SHULMAN and NOSOV [1985], STAN-GROOM [1977, STANWAY et al [1987], TAO and SUN [1991b], VOROBEVA et al [1969], WHITTLE [1990], WEN et al [2003], YU and WAN [2000], ZHAO et al [2002]). The experimental work focused on the creation of the chainlike and columnar structures (see KLINGENBERG and ZUKOSKI [1990], MARTIN and ANDERSON [1996], MARTIN et al [1998a], QI and WEN [2002]) (cf.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%